Provided are a blood purifying filter and a blood purifying apparatus having the same. The blood purifying filter includes a plasma separation filter separating plasma from blood, a hemodialysis filter configured in parallel with the plasma separation filter to remove toxins and waste products from blood, a housing providing installation space for the plasma separation filter and the hemodialysis filter, and plasma inlet and outlet ports provided in the housing. The housing further includes a wall, a lower cap and an upper cap which are coupled to the plasma separation filter and the hemodialysis filter.

Provided are a blood purifying filter and a blood purifying apparatus including the same. The blood purifying filter includes a plasma separation filter, a hemodialysis filter, a housing, and a plasma outlet. The plasma separation filter separates plasma from blood. The hemodialysis filter removes toxins and waste products from blood. The housing provides installation spaces for the plasma separation filter and the hemodialysis filter and defines a plasma flow section outside the plasma separation filter and the hemodialysis filter. The plasma outlet is provided at one side of the housing to allow plasma passing the plasma flow section to be discharged out of the blood purifying filter.

A filtration system having: (a) a recirculation loop, (b) a pump, (c) a waste outlet, (d) a valve separating the loop from a waste outlet (d) a control device for said valve, (e) a membrane pressure vessel comprising a feed port, concentrate port and permeate port, and hyperfiltration elements in an axial direction, including an end hyperfiltration element nearest an inlet port or outlet port, (f) a flow distributor located between said end hyperfiltration element and said fluid port to provide a velocity profile with a coefficient of variation of less than 0.1 or a flow resistance of between 10 and 200 kP.Math.sec.Math..sup.m1, (g) wherein the flow distributor has a proximal surface nearest the end hyperfiltration element and a distal surface nearest said fluid port, and (h) an axial positioner that locates said distal surface at least 50% of the distance between the end hyperfiltration element and the port.

An apparatus for treating water or liquids in general, including a reverse osmosis filtration device provided with at least one inlet associated with a line for supplying the liquid to be treated, at least one outlet of the permeate associated with a line for dispensing the treated liquid and at least one concentrate outlet associated with a line for discharging the waste. The particularity of the present invention resides in that it includes, downstream of the filtration device, at least one tank that forms inside it two adjacent chambers with a mutually variable volume, in which one chamber is connected to the delivery line while the other chamber is connected to the discharge line.

A membrane capsule for biological and chemical separations comprising a cassette comprising an upper surface and a lower surface adjoined by a cassette sidewall, an inlet and an outlet located on the upper and lower surfaces of the cassette, tubes fluidly connected to the inlet and the outlet, holes or slots in the tubes to facilitate separation, and a membrane wrapped, pleated, and/or spiral wound around each of the tubes. Methods of separation comprising flowing fluid flow through the inlet of the membrane capsule, allowing the fluid to permeate through the holes or slots of the tubes, separating biological and/or non-biological substances, collecting the fluid within a reservoir, and draining fluid from the reservoir.

The present invention relates to a water sampling immersion probe (50) for continuously filtering a water sample from wastewater (14). The water sampling immersion probe (50) includes a distal coarse filter (60) with a porosity of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, a proximal fine filter (70) arranged downstream of the coarse filter (60) and having a porosity of less than 5.0 m, and a sample suction opening (74) arranged downstream of the fine filter (70). The coarse filter (60) is arranged to not contact the fine filter (70).

Herein disclosed is a dialyzer, comprising: a housing defining a cavity comprising a first cavity region and a second cavity region which are communicated with each other by a pass-through passage; a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending from the first cavity region to the second cavity region across the passage; a flow restricting structure located in an area of the passage so as to restrict flow of medical fluid, for example dialysate, between the first cavity region and the second cavity region; a first port and a second port each fluidly communicated with the first cavity region; and a third port and a fourth port each fluidly communicated with the second cavity region. Also disclosed is a corresponding system, comprising: the dialyzer described above, a blood line, and a medical fluid line, wherein the blood line and medical fluid line are fluidly connected with the dialyzer.

Herein disclosed is a method for operating a blood treatment system comprising a dialyzer, wherein the dialyzer comprises a first cavity region, in which a first blood chamber is defined at least partially by a first semi-permeable membrane, and a second cavity region, in which a second blood chamber is defined at least partially by a second semi-permeable membrane, the first blood chamber and the second blood chamber are communicated with each other, and the method at least comprises: adjusting a flow characteristic of a flow path between the first cavity region and the second cavity region at least by controlling an on-off operation of an on-off valve disposed on the flow path, in order to control a substitution rate of a medical fluid externally supplied into the second cavity region. Also disclosed is a corresponding blood treatment system.

A method of determining flux of fluid across a filtration membrane includes: receiving an initial flow rate of fluid on a feed side; determining a change in concentration of a species between an initial concentration of a species in the fluid and a final concentration of the species in the fluid; determining a final flow rate of fluid flowing on the feed side based on the change in concentration of the species and the initial flow rate of fluid; determining flux of the fluid that has passed through the filtration membrane based on a difference between the initial flow rate of fluid and the final flow rate of fluid, and the surface area of the membrane; determining that the flux of the fluid is outside a predetermined threshold; and adjusting one or more parameters to maintain the flux of fluid through the filtration membrane below a threshold value.

Disclosed are multi-cartridge hollow fiber membrane apparatuses and methods for gas separation using them. Each external pressure type membrane apparatus contains one or more series of cartridges wherein the cartridges within each series are arranged sequentially. The retentate gas generated by each preceding cartridge in the series is used as a feed gas to the next cartridge in the series, and the permeate gas generated by a cartridge following the first cartridge in the series is used as a sweep gas on the permeate side of the preceding cartridge. The multicomponent gas mixture is separated into one or more products by the method of the invention with improved product recovery and/or product purity.