A hollow-fiber membrane according to an aspect of the present disclosure contains a polytetrafluoroethylene or a modified polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component and has an average outer diameter of 1 mm or less and an average inner diameter of 0.5 mm or less. In a measurement of a heat of fusion of the polytetrafluoroethylene or the modified polytetrafluoroethylene with a differential scanning calorimeter, when the polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene is subjected to a first step of heating from room temperature to 365° C., a second step of cooling from 365° C. to 350° C., maintaining the temperature, subsequently cooling from 350° C. to 330° C., and further cooling from 330° C. to 305° C., and a third step of cooling from 305° C. to 245° C. at a rate of −50° C./min and subsequently heating from 245° C. to 365° C. at a rate of 10° C./min, a heat of fusion from 296° C. to 343° C. in the third step is 30.0 J/g or more and 45.0 J/g or less.

A reverse osmosis apparatus for a seawater desalination system is provided. The reverse osmosis apparatus includes a barrel in which a plurality of vessels receiving reverse osmosis membrane units are arranged, a feed tank provided in an intermediate portion of the barrel and connected to a seawater inlet, a first water tank provided inside a first end portion of the barrel and connected to a plurality of first vessels connected to a first side of the feed tank, and a second water tank provided inside a second end portion of the barrel and connected to a plurality of second vessels connected to a second side of the feed tank.

A reverse osmosis apparatus for a seawater desalination system is provided. The reverse osmosis apparatus includes: a barrel in which a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane units with a reverse osmosis membrane wrapped in each reverse osmosis membrane unit are arranged; an inflow and outflow portion provided at a first end of the barrel and connected to a seawater inlet a high salinity water outlet; a partition wall configured to partition an inner space of the inflow and outflow portion into a first stage and a second stage; and a transport space portion provided in a second end of the barrel and configured to guide water being moved from a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane units arranged in the first stage to move to a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane units arranged at the second stage, wherein part of seawater fed to the inflow and outflow portion is fed around the tubes in the barrel and insulates the plurality of reverse osmosis membrane units in the barrel from external high temperature while being moved, and flows into the transport space portion.

A fiber bundle contactor may include: a flow path defined by a conduit; a catalytic carbon fiber bundle disposed in the conduit; and an inlet allowing fluid flow into the flow path. A method may include: introducing into vessel a hydrocarbon comprising mercaptan sulfur, an aqueous caustic solution, and an oxidizer; reacting at least a portion of the mercaptan sulfur and the aqueous caustic solution to produce a mercaptide; and reacting the mercaptide and the oxidizer in the presence of a catalytic carbon fiber bundle to produce a disulfide oil.

What is provided is a metal ion recovery device including a raw solution tank that is configured to store a metal ion containing raw solution including metal ions, a recovery liquid tank that is configured to store a metal ion recovery liquid including metal ions recovered from the metal ion containing raw solution, a cylindrical metal ion selective permeable membrane that partitions off the raw solution tank and the recovery liquid tank and selectively transmits the metal ions, an anode that is electrically connected to a surface of the selective permeable membrane on a side close to the raw solution tank, and a cathode that is electrically connected to a surface of the selective permeable membrane on a side close to the recovery liquid tank.

In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a tubular membrane heat exchanger module is provided that includes an inlet header and outlet header. The inlet header is configured to connect to an adjacent upstream tubular membrane heat exchanger module and from an upstream wetted compartment therewith. The outlet header is configured to connect to an adjacent downstream tubular membrane heat exchanger module and form a downstream wetted compartment therewith. The tubular membrane heat exchanger module further includes tubular membranes connecting the inlet header and the outlet header. The tubular membranes facilitate flow of process fluid from the upstream wetted compartment to the downstream wetted compartment. Further, the tubular membranes permit mass transfer between the process fluid in the tubular membranes and a fluid contacting outer surfaces of the tubular membranes.

A tubular membrane, a membrane module, a device including a number of such membranes, and a method for manufacturing such membranes. The tubular membrane includes a tubular base providing a support and having an inner and outer surface, where the tubular base defines a lumen for the feed flow, and a membrane layer provided on the inner surface of the tubular base, where the inner surface of the tubular membrane includes a number of inwardly projecting ridges that extend in a substantially longitudinal direction of the tubular membrane.

A distillation device and method of manufacturing a distillation device is disclosed. The distillation device includes at least one spiral wound membrane distillation (MD) unit. The spiral wound MD unit includes a perforated center tube concentric to a cylindrical housing and a plurality of effects spirally wound around the center tube. Each of the effects include a vapor permeable membrane, a feed spacer disposed on the vapor permeable membrane, a permeate spacer, and a heat exchange film. The permeate spacer is disposed between the vapor permeable membrane and the heat exchange film. Distillation of a feed fluid by the plurality of effects deposits a condensate fluid into the center tube.

A regenerable organic contaminant controller includes a carbon hollow fiber module that includes a passage between an inlet and an outlet, on an opposite end of the carbon hollow fiber module from the inlet, such that organic contaminants in contaminated air flowing through the passage are desorbed into pores of the carbon hollow fiber module. The regenerable organic contaminant controller also includes wires coupled to the inlet of the carbon hollow fiber module and to the outlet of the carbon hollow fiber module. The wires heat the carbon hollow fiber module based on a flow of electricity through the wires. The heat causes release of the organic contaminants from the pores of the carbon hollow fiber module.

A fiber bundle cartridge for a fiber membrane degassing system includes an inner sleeve including one or more perforations and a fiber bundle positioned radially outward from the inner sleeve. The fiber bundle has an annular shape defining a central bundle axis. The perforations of the inner sleeve define a plurality of inlets and/or outlets facing radially with respect to the central bundle axis. A fiber membrane degassing system includes a housing defining a cylindrical volume having at least one inlet and at least one outlet. The system includes at least one fiber within the cylindrical volume, where fluid flowing through the cylindrical volume from the at least one inlet to the at least one outlet flows perpendicular to a longitudinal dimension of the fiber. A method of degassing a liquid includes directing a liquid volume through a fiber bundle in a direction radial to a longitudinally extending bundle axis.