An automated modular filtration system, particularly for low volume tangential flow filtration processes, comprises a plurality of filtration modules formed as separate assemblies and at least one control unit for jointly controlling filtration processes of individual filtration units. Each filtration module contains at least one individual filtration unit for executing a filtration process independent of the other filtration units, first input ports for receiving a first type of fluids, second input ports for receiving a second type of fluids, and exit ports for outputting unused system fluids. First type fluids are process fluids are specific to the filtration processes executed in individual filtration units. Second type fluids are system fluids not specific to filtration processes executed in the individual filtration units. The second input and exit ports establish inter-module connections so system fluids can be forwarded from one filtration module to an adjacent filtration module of the filtration system.

The present invention is a method for operating a demineralization apparatus provided with a plurality of demineralizing lines arranged in parallel and having demineralizers, the method comprising passing through some of the demineralizing lines water to be treated to produce demineralized water while passing through another demineralizing line(s) dilute water from a dilute water tank to perform washing of the line(s), and returning water used for said washing back to the dilute water tank, and being characterized by, when the water quality of the dilute water is on the high salts concentration side past a predefined value, discharging part of the dilute water so as to let said part join the water to be treated and providing a new supply of dilute water for replenishment.

The invention relates to liquid purification and/or desalination systems, predominantly water from different sources, and is used in household and/or drinking water supply, in suburb and country houses. Liquid purification system, comprising of raw liquid line with the inlet valve, reverse osmosis membrane connected to drainage line and purified liquid line and purified liquid consumption line and purified liquid vessel, secondary purified liquid line, connected to purified liquid vessel and to raw liquid line and to console panel, characterized in that debris layer on the reverse osmosis membrane is near totally dissolved by intensive repeated flushing of the reverse osmosis membrane with purified liquid.

A method, system and device for recovering a desired nutrient from wastewater or digester effluents while separating the remaining components into various side streams which may have additional value or be suitable for inexpensive disposal due to the processing.

A system for aerating a submerged membrane is provided. The system includes: a device for supplying compressed air; at least one orifice for aerating the submerged membrane; a pipe for feeding air from the air supplying device to the at least one aeration orifice; a first valve for opening or closing an orifice between the pipe and the surrounding air; a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure in the pipe. The system is configured to perform at least one iteration of an operation to evacuate solid materials from the pipe, the said evacuation including at least: stopping supplying compressed air in the pipe and opening the first valve, causing reduction of the pressure in and penetration of liquid into the pipe; closing the first valve and resuming supplying compressed air in the pipe causing an increase in the pressure in and expulsion of liquid from the pipe through the at least one aeration orifice. The system is characterized in that it includes a processor configured to receive pressure measurements from the said pressure sensor that are performed during the said evacuation operation and to detect an anomaly of the aeration system on the basis of a comparison of the pressure measurements and at least one pressure threshold higher than or equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the column of liquid.

A method of treating aqueous, preferably concentrated, waste streams with a unique combination of steps in a way that is easily scalable and able to be used with batch or continuous flows. The method comprises at least the following steps: Adding at least one precipitating agent to the waste water to produce precipitated solids; and removing the precipitated solids from the waste water using a forward flushable membrane to remove the precipitate solids.

A method for selectively cleaning a flushable filter system that includes a first filter unit and a second filter unit each of which is configured to purify unpurified liquid into purified liquid, the method comprises the steps of: operating the flushable filter system such that one of the first filter unit and the second filter unit is cleaned, while the other of the first filter unit and the second filter unit produced the purified liquid that is used to back flush the one of the first filter unit and the second filter unit that is being cleaned.

A renal therapy apparatus includes a blood filter, a blood pump, a treatment fluid pump, and a control unit configured to control at least one of the blood pump or the treatment fluid pump during a filter cleaning sequence. In a first phase of the filter cleaning sequence, a first fluid including a blood-compatible and physiologically safe fluid is transferred back and forth across the insides and/or outsides of the blood filter. After the first phase, a second fluid is formed by mixing the first fluid with air. In a second phase of the filter cleaning sequence, the second fluid is transferred across the insides and/or outsides of the blood filter at least one time.

The present disclosure relates to a preparation method for removing triuret causing turbidity in a urea solution and to a urea solution prepared using the method, and more particularly, to a preparation method, in which urea is introduced to ultrapure water at 15 C. to 24 C. in a magnetic tank with a size of 1 m.sup.3 to 20 m.sup.3, and the mixture is stirred by using a magnetic mixer and filtered through a hollow-fiber type ultrafiltration membrane (having a pore size in a range of 0.01 m to 0.3 m) such that a 32.5% automotive urea solution has a turbidity of 0.02 NTU to 0.2 NTU, and the triuret causing turbidity in a urea solution and reducing conversion efficiency to NH.sub.3 in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is removed. To achieve the purpose of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of preparing a urea solution by dissolving urea in ultrapure water, wherein the 32.5% automotive urea solution is provided by a preparation method including the steps of: a step of preparing ultrapure water at 15 C. to 24 C.; a step of moving the ultrapure water into a magnetic mixer tank; a step of introducing urea to the ultrapure water contained in the magnetic mixer tank; a step of operating a magnetic mixer to induce vortex effect for mixing and stirring the ultrapure water with urea to prepare a urea solution; and a step of filtering by passing the urea solution including triuret through a hollow-fiber type ultrafiltration filter (U/F) to filtrate 20 L of triuret and impurities per 1,000 L of the urea solution, while maintaining a low temperature of the urea solution resulting from the stirring (S5).

A method for preparation of FCC slurry oil retentate for downstream processing while simultaneously cleaning catalyst fine retentate from filter elements or separation media of a filter assembly of an FCC slurry oil filtration system includes front-washing the filter or separation media with a low boiling point solvent, and then backwashing the filter elements with the same solvent. The front wash and backwash is conducted at a temperature of below 350 F. and at a pressure of about 25-75 psig.