The present application includes a symbiotic reverse osmosis train system for maximizing desalinated water recovery, meanwhile yielding high salinity brine suitable for osmotic power generation or commercial salt production. The trains comprise a series of cells operating in an interrelated sequential pattern within a salinity field. Each cell forms a closed hydraulic brine loop having pumping means, power recovery means and shared semipermeable membranes between adjacent cells. Used are a semipermeable Flat Sheet or Hollow Fiber Membrane in desalination and osmotic power generation of brackish, seawater and brines of 15% salinity or more. Charging each cell in the train of cells with a formulated brine having a specified ionizable inorganic salt concentration and type, without permitting mixing of the given brines among adjacent cells. Allowing the train to achieve water recovery exceeding 85% with concentrated rejected brine of 28-30% salt content.

Disclosed herein is a water purifying system, including: a raw water tank configured to store raw water; a filter unit configured to include a plurality of filtration modules for purifying the raw water and a plurality of valves for feeding or cutting off the raw water; a raw water pump configured to feed the raw water from the raw water tank to the filter unit; and a backwash module configured to feed backwash water to the filter unit, in which some of permeate water permeated by the filter unit is fed to the backwash module to be used as the backwash water and a feed pressure of the backwash water is fed by the raw water pump.

We provide methods, systems, and apparatus for treatment of high chemical oxygen demand wastewater using anaerobic treatment with ceramic membranes. We also provide post-treatment using microbial fuel cells.

A diffusiophoretic water filter with a flushing system is provided. The flushing system preferably includes a reverse flow flushing system and/or a cleaning agent delivery system and/or a non-laminar flow flushing system. Methods are also provided.

A method for selectively cleaning a flushable filter system that includes a first filter unit and a second filter unit each of which is configured to purify unpurified liquid into purified liquid, the method comprises the steps of: operating the flushable filter system such that one of the first filter unit and the second filter unit is cleaned, while the other of the first filter unit and the second filter unit produced the purified liquid that is used to back flush the one of the first filter unit and the second filter unit that is being cleaned.

A desalination system and a method for operating the desalination system. An example desalination system includes a partitioned container, a membrane container housing a cross-flow semipermeable membrane, a feed pump for supplying saline water, a recirculation pump, a main valve, a bypass valve and a purge valve. The system operates in a first pressurisation stage where saline water is provided by the feed pump while the bypass valve is open, followed by a second pressurisation stage where an upstream compartment of the container is filled and a recharge stage where the main valve is closed and concentrated saline water is purged via the purge valve. An inlet valve may be provided, which is closed in the first pressurisation stage and open in the second pressurisation stage and recharge stage.

A submerged offshore reverse osmosis desalination apparatus and method uses desalinated product water from the apparatus and an onshore cooler or heat exchanger to provide or improve the cooling of an onshore Rankine Cycle heat engine.

The present disclosure is directed to various methods and systems for monitoring real time efficiency of filters as well as testing the filters with tests that are similar to real world use of the filters to update technical specifications of the filters. The methods and systems monitoring the real time efficiency of the filters may utilize one or more particle counters to monitor their efficiency in real time. The data collected by the particle counters may be utilized to determine whether respective ones of the filters need to be replaced or regenerated by a backwash regeneration process. The updated technical specifications from the real world testing of the filters may be utilized in determining whether respective ones of the filters need to be replaced or regenerated. These real world testing and real time monitoring reduces the likelihood that workpieces are exposed to contaminant particles reducing scrap costs.

Presented is a method for using an ethyl acetate solvent to remove all or most of the asphaltenes, resins and heavy metals from crude oil. The oil is filtered to remove the precipitants and the permeate is then deasphalted oil, rich in ethyl acetate solvent. The ethyl acetate may be recovered by flashed solvent recovery system and recycled back. Filter elements are regenerated with toluene and recovered by a flashed solvent recovery system.

A water desalination system including at least one reverse osmosis desalination unit, including at least one reverse osmosis membrane and having a saline water inlet at a feed side of the at least one reverse osmosis membrane and a permeate outlet at a permeate side of the at least one reverse osmosis membrane, and an intermittent cleaning control subsystem operative to provide intermittent cleaning of the at least one reverse osmosis membrane by at least one of narrowing or closing the permeate outlet, thereby causing an increase of pressure of the permeate at the permeate side of the at least one reverse osmosis and reducing the feed pressure, without significantly increasing the permeate pressure, thereby causing permeate to flow from the permeate side to the feed side of a membrane and flushing foulants to a location outside of the desalination unit.