An induced symbiotic osmosis system and method for treating produced fluids from a hydraulic fracturing process or system for symbiotic fluids fractionation, salinity power generation, brines and salts solution reverse osmosis. The system includes a reverse osmosis membrane assembly to create potable water from produced water. The membrane assembly includes a hollow fiber or flat sheet membrane and headers to transfer desalinated water therefrom. The system can include an electro coagulation system, an ultra or nano filtration system, and a desalter to treat the produced water or brine. A heat exchanger can be positioned between adjacent reverse osmosis membrane assemblies. An osmotic power generation unit can create electrical power by receiving and utilizing produce water and brine water from a brine storage. The system reduces the release of global warming contributing gases associated with hydraulic fracturing, while producing potable water and power.

Algae harvesting and cultivating systems and methods for producing high concentrations of algae product with minimal energy. In an embodiment, a dead-end filtration system and method includes at least one tank and a plurality hollow fiber membranes positioned in the at least one tank. An algae medium is pulled through the hollow fiber membranes such that a retentate and a permeate are produced.

A water purifier and a filter for the water purifier are provided. The water purifier includes a raw water flow path formed to bring in raw water from the outside, a purified water flow path connected to the raw water flow path for the raw water to flow in a first direction, a filter located in the purified water flow path to filter the raw water, a bypass flow path branched from the purified water flow path for the raw water to bypass the filter and connected to the purified water flow path on a downstream side of the filter in the first direction, a washing flow path branched from the bypass flow path and connected to the purified water flow path on a downstream side of the filter in the first direction, and a drain flow path connected to the filter to guide the raw water flowing into the filter to a second direction. The filter includes a raw water inlet through which raw water flowing in the first direction is introduced, a purified water outlet through which purified water filtered is released, and a drain outlet through which wash water having washed the filter is discharged.

Algae harvesting and cultivating systems and methods for producing high concentrations of algae product with minimal energy. In an embodiment, a dead-end filtration system and method includes at least one tank and a plurality hollow fiber membranes positioned in the at least one tank. An algae medium is pulled through the hollow fiber membranes such that a retentate and a permeate are produced.

A filter device includes one or more filter membranes, and a filter housing enclosing the one or more filter membranes. Each of the filter membranes includes a base membrane made of a ceramic material, and a plurality of through holes. The base membrane is coated with a coating material.

A desalination system includes a desalination platform, a first skid disposed on a first deck of the desalination platform, the first skid including at least one of a first filtration unit configured to produce a first filtrate stream, and a first permeate unit configured to produce a first permeate stream, a first interconnecting pipework coupled to the first skid, and a first pipework support disposed on the first deck, wherein the first interconnecting pipework is disposed on the first pipework support.

A submersible reverse osmosis desalination apparatus and method employs airlift to remove desalinated water from the apparatus via as annular flow regime over a substantial portion of the product water discharge conduit. Use of a high air fraction for airlift operation and an annular flow regime significantly lowers the weight of the product water column, as well as the backpressure on the downstream side of the osmotic membranes and at the bottom of the discharge water conduit. This permits deployment of the apparatus at reduced depths and in many eases closer to shore. In preferred embodiments the apparatus relies wholly upon hydrostatic pressure to drive seawater through the osmotic membranes, and continuously desalinates seawater and delivers pure water to the discharge water conduit without using any submerged moving parts subject to wear or breakage.

A cleaning device includes: an ozone gas supply portion; an ozone dissolution tank including a gas phase portion in which ozone gas is to be accumulated and a liquid phase portion formed by water in which the ozone gas is to be dissolved; a gas phase portion ozone gas supply pipe for supplying ozone gas from the ozone gas supply portion to the gas phase portion; a liquid phase portion ozone gas supply pipe for supplying ozone gas from the ozone gas supply portion to the liquid phase portion; and an ozone water supply pipe for supplying ozone water generated in the ozone dissolution tank to a filtering secondary side, wherein the ozone water is supplied to the filtering secondary side by the pressure of ozone gas in the gas phase portion.

A method of filtration includes a filtration step in which a liquid to be filtered is filtered through a porous membrane module consisted of a resin having a three-dimensional network structure by external pressure filtration; a cleaning step of cleaning an outer surface of the porous membrane by carrying out backwash of passing a cleaning solution through the porous membrane from an inner surface of the membrane, and air bubbling after the filtration step; and a discharging step of discharging the cleaning solution remaining on the outer surface and inside of the porous membrane after the cleaning step; and in SEM images of a membrane cross section in a membrane thickness direction orthogonal to the inner surface of the porous membrane, a total area of a resin portion having an area of 1 μm.sup.2 or less is 70% or more relative to a total area of the resin portion.

A device (1) for purification of water driven by gravity through a purification unit between an upper dirt water container (2) and a lower clean water tank (3). A backwash system may be integrated, the system comprising a receptacle (8) for accumulation of the backwash water to prevent consumption thereof by mistake.