The present invention discloses a water purifier and a water production method thereof, relating to the technical field of water processing, the water purifier comprising: a reverse osmosis membrane device comprising a raw water port, a purified water port and a waste water port; a water storage device which is provided therein with a first chamber of which a volume can be adjusted, the first chamber being communicated with the raw water port and the purified water port, respectively; in the cleaning mode, the first chamber is disconnected from the purified water port, the first chamber is communicated with the raw water port, and the purified water flows into the first chamber from the raw water port of the reverse osmosis membrane device and is discharged from the waste water port of the reverse osmosis membrane device; in the water production mode, and the first chamber is communicated with the purified water port, the first chamber is disconnected from the raw water port. In the present invention, the purified water is stored in the water purifier so as to flush the reverse osmosis membrane device, such that the total dissolved solid (TDS) of a first glass of purified water that flows out of the water purifier at the beginning of use is reduced, and meanwhile lifetime of a reverse osmosis membrane in the reverse osmosis membrane device is effectively improved.

An apparatus and a method use permeate to flush a reverse osmosis filter membrane in the same flow direction as when fluid is being filtered through the membrane. The apparatus includes a housing having a membrane positioned therein. The membrane has an interior surface and an exterior surface. The housing has an inlet port located outward of the exterior surface of the membrane and first and second outlet ports. The first outlet port is located outward of the exterior surface of the membrane and the second outlet port is located inward of the interior surface of the membrane. A first pump is used to route pressurized, untreated fluid from a fluid source through the membrane to produce permeate. A second pump is used to route permeate to a desired function while also routing some permeate at low pressure to the housing to flush the membrane.

A water treatment system is provided. The system includes a prefiltration unit for filtering the untreated water in fluid communication with a source of untreated water. The prefiltration unit produces a prefiltered water from the untreated water. A pump in fluid communication with the prefiltration unit can selectively increase the flow rate of the prefiltered water in a first line, the first line in fluid communication with a membrane element. The membrane element produces a permeate and a retentate from the prefiltered water, the permeate being imparted with a lower concentration of solutes than the retentate. A tank in fluid communication with the membrane element and the prefiltration unit stores prefiltered water from the prefiltration unit and the permeate from the membrane element. One or more valves regulate the flow of prefiltered water and the permeate, and one or more sensors can measure characteristics of the prefiltered water.

A desalination system (100) having an intake unit (110) providing seawater to a pre-treatment unit (120) connected to a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit (130) and a post treatment unit (150). The desalination system (100) is configured to operate without any external addition of chemicals to simplify logistics and regulation concerns. The units of the system are configured to prevent biofouling, scaling and corrosion by mechanical and biological means including high flow speeds, biological flocculation of colloids, and making the water entering the RO units inhospitable to bacteria and other organisms that cause biofouling, hence preventing their settlement and removing them with the brine. Recovery rate is lowered and energy is recovered to increase the energetic efficiency and minerals that are added to the product water are taken from the brine.

Methods include monitoring indicators of blood pH or blood electrolyte levels during a blood fluid removal session and adjusting concentrations of pH buffers or electrolytes in dialysate or replacement fluid used during the session based on the monitored indicators. Blood fluid removal systems may employ sensors that monitor blood pH or electrolyte levels to adjust the fluid parameters during a blood fluid removal session.

A fluid purification system has cells whose purifying capability can be regenerated. Some of the cells are arranged in series to reach a high level of purification. An automatic valve network is controlled to cycle the cells in a way that levels the loads on each, thereby maximizing the service interval for replacing expired cells, enabling all of the cells to be replaced at the same time after having each contributing approximately equally to the purification load, and operated such that at any one time, at least one cell is regenerated so as to enable continuous up-time.

A fluid purification system has cells whose purifying capability can be regenerated. Some of the cells are arranged in series to reach a high level of purification. An automatic valve network is controlled to cycle the cells in a way that levels the loads on each, thereby maximizing the service interval for replacing expired cells, enabling all of the cells to be replaced at the same time after having each contributing approximately equally to the purification load, and operated such that at any one time, at least one cell is regenerated so as to enable continuous up-time.

A fluid purification system has cells whose purifying capability can be regenerated. Some of the cells are arranged in series to reach a high level of purification. An automatic valve network is controlled to cycle the cells in a way that levels the loads on each, thereby maximizing the service interval for replacing expired cells, enabling all of the cells to be replaced at the same time after having each contributing approximately equally to the purification load, and operated such that at any one time, at least one cell is regenerated so as to enable continuous up-time.

The present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane module that can effectively resolve the accumulation of suspended solids within the membrane module, lower running costs, and also operate stably. The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane molecule provided with: a cylindrical case having a first end and a second end in the direction of height; a plurality of hollow fiber membranes accommodated within the cylindrical case; and a first potting part accommodated within the cylindrical case and attaching the plurality of hollow fiber membranes together such that the end parts of the plurality of hollow membrane fibers at a first end side of the cylindrical case are open. The hollow fiber membranes are porous hollow fiber membranes having a breaking strength of 23 MPa, and the hollow membrane module has a membrane area per unit volume of 800-3700 m.sup.2/m.sup.3. The filling fraction for the hollow fiber membranes in a cross-section orthogonal to the direction of height of the cylindrical case is 25-38%.

Methods include monitoring indicators of blood pH or blood electrolyte levels during a blood fluid removal session and adjusting concentrations of pH buffers or electrolytes in dialysate or replacement fluid used during the session based on the monitored indicators. Blood fluid removal systems may employ sensors that monitor blood pH or electrolyte levels to adjust the fluid parameters during a blood fluid removal session.