A processing method of a separation membrane complex includes a step of preparing a separation membrane complex including a porous support and a separation membrane formed on the support and a step of bringing a cleaning fluid composed of supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide having a density of 600 to 1000 kg/m.sup.3 into contact with the separation membrane of the separation membrane complex.

Provided is a biochar-anaerobic membrane biological treatment system and process. The system mainly includes a reaction tank, a membrane module, a macroporous gas distribution device, low-temperature pyrolysis biochar. The application of the process to sewage treatment shows that: under the conditions that the hydraulic retention time is 3.2-7.2 h, the membrane flux is 12.0-17.8 L/m.sup.2/h, and the sludge concentration of 7.2-15.6 g/L, multiple objectives of promoting organic micropollutants (OMPs) biotransformation, accelerating methane production and strengthening membrane fouling control were achieved. The system improved OMPs removal efficiency by more than 20%, decreased membrane fouling rate by 50%, and reaching an organic matter removal efficiency of more than 86% at low temperature. The system and process solve the problems of poor OMPs removal efficiency, serious membrane fouling, and low methane yield at low temperature in the anaerobic membrane biological treatment system.

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems and related methods. The systems include a hydrogen-producing region configured to produce a mixed gas stream from a feedstock stream, a hydrogen-separation membrane module having at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and configured to separate the mixed gas stream into a product hydrogen stream and a byproduct stream, and an oxidant delivery system configured to deliver an oxidant-containing stream to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to increase hydrogen permeance of the hydrogen-selective membrane. The methods include operating a hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a hydrogen-producing regime, and subsequently operating the hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a restoration regime, in which an oxidant-containing stream is delivered to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to expose the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane to the oxidant-containing stream to increase the hydrogen permeance of the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.

A novel filter media includes an array of raised features formed directly on the membrane surface, which create a feed channel. The predetermined configuration of features is dually optimized both for filtration in a first flow direction to maximize unobstructed fluid flow and prevent fouling. The same feature configuration is also optimized for enhancing/increasing turbulence and scouring of the membrane when the flow through the filter is reversed during a cleaning operation. The feature configuration can also be optimized to capture bubbles in reverse flow such that the captured bubbles can be oscillated to further scour the membrane and the features themselves (e.g., in their cavities, etc.).

Methods, systems, and devices for water treatment or for preventing fouling of components of water treatment systems can include the upstream introduction of nanobubbles in-line and/or in close proximity to a reverse osmosis membrane in the water treatment system. The nanobubbles can bind to and cluster (flocculate) nanoparticles (and possible larger solid particles) so that they can be removed and not foul water purification components such as reverse osmosis membranes. The nanobubbles can also interact with and change some characteristics of nanoparticles and thereby reduce fouling of some system components, such as reverse osmosis membranes, or other components. The systems, methods, and devices disclosed herein can help produce potable water safe for human consumption in a more cost-effective manner, e.g., by reducing maintenance costs and in some cases manufacturing costs.

Hydrogen-producing fuel processing systems and related methods. The systems include a hydrogen-producing region configured to produce a mixed gas stream from a feedstock stream, a hydrogen-separation membrane module having at least one hydrogen-selective membrane and configured to separate the mixed gas stream into a product hydrogen stream and a byproduct stream, and an oxidant delivery system configured to deliver an oxidant-containing stream to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to increase hydrogen permeance of the hydrogen-selective membrane. The methods include operating a hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a hydrogen-producing regime, and subsequently operating the hydrogen-producing fuel processing system in a restoration regime, in which an oxidant-containing stream is delivered to the hydrogen-separation membrane module in situ to expose the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane to the oxidant-containing stream to increase the hydrogen permeance of the at least one hydrogen-selective membrane.

The present invention provides intermittent-bubbling equipment used while being immersed in a liquid. The intermittent-bubbling equipment includes a tubular casing vertically disposed; and a plurality of partition walls disposed substantially parallel to an axial direction in the casing, and configured to define a gas introducing chamber, a gas inducing chamber, and a gas discharging chamber. The gas introducing chamber and the gas inducing chamber communicate with each other at a top of the casing, and the gas inducing chamber and the gas discharging chamber communicate with each other at a bottom of the casing. An upper side of the gas introducing chamber and an upper side of the gas inducing chamber are closed by a lid plate, and a lower side of the gas inducing chamber and a lower side of the gas discharging chamber are closed by a bottom plate. A cross-sectional area of the gag introducing chamber may be greater than a cross-sectional area of the gas discharging chamber. An upper edge of a connecting hole between the gas inducing chamber and the gas discharging chamber may be substantially horizontal. A bottom plate that closes the gas inducing chamber and a bottom plate that closes the gas discharging chamber may be formed by a single flat member.

There is provided a method for cleaning a ceramic filter which can shorten an operation time required to clean the ceramic filter. The method for cleaning the ceramic filter includes: reducing a pressure of a space on a secondary side of the uncleaned ceramic filter, while supplying a cleaning medium to a space on a primary side of the uncleaned ceramic filter, thereby passing the cleaning medium through the ceramic uncleaned filter, so that the uncleaned ceramic filter is cleaned.

The invention discloses an automatic off-line gas-water combined-washing membrane bioreactor, comprising a PLC automation control cabinet, a MBR reactor, a MBR membrane assembly, a rotating hood, an annular guide rail, a lifting device, a washing pipe network, an external interface, a gas washing pipe, a water washing pipe, a gas pump and a water pump, wherein the gas pump, the water pump and the three-way change valve are all connected with the PLC automation control cabinet, the washing pipe network is provided with several nozzles. The present invention adopts a full PLC automation control system, the PLC automation control cabinet controls a pressure washing pump (gas pump and water pump), and gas or water is injected into the washing pipe network by flexibly adjusting the three-way change valve, so that the operation is simple, the cleaning is complete, and the manual operation load is reduced.

A process is disclosed for wetting a filter cartridge used to treat a liquid solvent used in semiconductor manufacture. In the process, a filter cartridge having void spaces wherein the void spaces contain residual gas from the manufacturing process used to make the filter cartridge is connected to a source of purging gas. The purging gas is flowed through the filter cartridge to at least partially displace at least a portion of the residual gas from the manufacturing process used to make the filter cartridge. Next, liquid solvent is pumped through the filter cartridge so that the purging gas dissolves into the liquid solvent and to at least partially fill the void spaces to thereby at least partially wet out the filter cartridge with the liquid solvent.