A system performs automatic cleaning of a membrane module that is used in a water treatment unit to remove impurities from water. The water treatment unit is part of a water purification system that also includes a membrane cleaning unit that is located remotely from the water treatment unit. While both are part of a water purification system, a membrane cleaning unit may be physically separated from a water treatment unit. Such separation of positioning and functionality may allow for parallel operations of water purification and membrane module cleaning.

Disclosure relates to an electrochemical membrane degassing apparatus including a liquid channel in which raw water flows, a gaseous channel in which gas degassed from the raw water flows, a gas separation membrane allowing gas in the raw water to be moved to the gaseous channel, a surface modification layer formed at the gas separation membrane, and a power supply unit applying power to the surface modification layer, and selectively operated in either of a first process mode applying a low voltage power and a second process mode applying a high voltage power, wherein in the first process mode, an electrostatic repulsive force is generated between the surface modification layer and organic particles, and in the second process mode, a radical is generated, and the organic particles is oxidized by the radical. Accordingly, the efficiency of membrane degassing can be improved and membrane contamination can be prevented.

The present disclosure describes an electrochemical system and methods for the selective separation and simultaneous recovery of ionic constituents in a feed-, raw-, or wastewater. The system entails novel electrochemical configurations comprising various ion exchange membranes in concert with a voltage applied across a pair of electrodes. In some embodiments, the novel electrochemical system may include one or more of a pair of electrodes, a first membrane selectively permeable to a first wastewater constituent, a second membrane selectively permeable to a second wastewater constituent, a third membrane selectively permeable to a third wastewater constituent, a fourth membrane impermeable to ions that allows for the separation of a fourth constituent by preventing mixing between first and third product channels when a plurality of membrane stacks are utilized, and at least four spacing frames comprising a structural element, a gasket, and a flow channel.

A forward osmosis filtration cell is provided which includes a fluid passageway and a forward osmosis filtration membrane positioned within the passageway. The filtration membrane divides the fluid passageway into two chambers, a first chamber configured to hold a draw solution, and a second chamber configured to hold a feed solution. The filtration cell further includes a first electrode positioned in the first chamber, and a second electrode positioned in the second chamber. The first and second electrodes are configured to apply an electric field across the filtration membrane to prevent fouling on the filtration membrane. A method of using a forward osmosis filtration cell in a water treatment system, and a method of retrofitting a water treatment system with first and second electrodes are also provided.