Algae harvesting and cultivating systems and methods for producing high concentrations of algae product with minimal energy. In an embodiment, a dead-end filtration system and method includes at least one tank and a plurality hollow fiber membranes positioned in the at least one tank. An algae medium is pulled through the hollow fiber membranes such that a retentate and a permeate are produced.

A reverse osmosis treatment device includes: a first pressure vessel for treating an untreated water to produce a primarily treated water and a first permeated water; a second pressure vessel for treating the primarily treated water to produce a secondarily treated water and a second permeated water; a first cleaning solution tank for storing a first cleaning solution for cleaning the first pressure vessel; and a second cleaning solution tank for storing a second cleaning solution for cleaning the second pressure vessel. Each of the first pressure vessel and the second pressure vessel has therein a reverse osmosis membrane element having a reverse osmosis membrane. The first cleaning solution tank is connected to the first concentrate outlet pipe of the first pressure vessel, and the second cleaning solution tank is connected to the inlet pipe for the primarily treated water of the second pressure vessel.

A fluid circulation monitoring system includes a distributed processing system having a first processor located on-premises near a space filled with a circulating fluid and a second processor located off-premises. The first processor and the second processor are in communication with one another. A sensor is operatively connected to the first processor and senses at least one parameter associated with a flow rate of fluid through the circulation system. The distributed processing system is configured to process the at least one parameter and derive a volumetric fluid flow rate through a fluid pump which propels the fluid through the circulation system. Pattern recognition is applied to the at least one parameter to detect maintenance events and predict the need for maintenance events.

A control system for monitoring a filter in a subsea control module (SCM) of an underwater hydrocarbon well is presented. The control system includes an upstream pressure transducer disposed upstream of a filter of the SCM and configured to sense an upstream pressure. The control system further includes a downstream pressure transducer disposed downstream of the filter and configured to sense a downstream pressure. Furthermore, the control system includes a subsea electronics module (SEM) coupled to the upstream pressure transducer and the downstream pressure transducer. The SEM is configured to determine average pressure differential values at different instances based on the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure. Moreover, the control system also includes a master control station (MCS) coupled to the SEM and configured to predict a filter maintenance generate an indication of the predicted filter maintenance due time for an operator of the underwater hydrocarbon well.

The present invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for controlling the concentration of potassium in dialysate in a closed loop potassium control system. The devices, systems, and methods can be compatible with any dialysis system including sorbent-based dialysis systems, single pass dialysis systems, or other multi-pass dialysis systems. The systems can use closed loop potassium control over potassium concentration in the dialysate to reduce the probability of patient arrhythmias. The potassium concentration can be controlled and personalized to a patient using certain predetermined patient parameters. Related systems, algorithms, and control systems are contemplated for optimizing the potassium concentration in the dialysate.

A filtration treatment system of raw water includes a raw water supply line to supply raw water, a filtration device provided on the raw water supply line to filter impurities in the raw water, a separation device provided on a rear side of the filtration device and equipped with a separation membrane to separate filtered raw water into permeated water and concentrated water; an organic substance monitoring device provided on either front or rear or both front and rear of the filtration device to monitor an amount of an organic substance in the raw water, and a control device to execute backwashing of the filtration device with the permeated water as backwashing water in a case in which the amount of the organic substance in the raw water exceeds a reference value as a result of monitoring by the organic substance monitoring device.

A dosing pump (19) doses antiscalant into a membrane-based water treatment system (1). The dosing pump (19) includes a displacement body for pumping antiscalant into the membrane-based water treatment system (1) in doses. A motor drives the displacement body. A control module controls the motor. The control module is configured to vary the dosage of antiscalant pumped into the water treatment system (1) based on a temperature corrected system variable (SVTc) being based on a plurality of operating variables of the water treatment system (1).

A natural water treatment control apparatus (190) controls a treatment device configured to perform treatment used to contribute to purification of drawn natural water. The natural water treatment control apparatus (190) includes: a tide information acquiring unit (191) configured to acquire tide information serving as information associated with tides of a body of water from which the natural water is drawn; and a treatment mode determining unit (193) configured to determine a treatment mode of the treatment device on the basis of the tide information.

A control method is provided for a filter system, which includes at least one filter element (2). The method includes continuously recording a total energy consumption (E.sub.G) during a filtration cycle (22) of the filter system. The total energy consumption (E.sub.G) includes at least of the energy consumption (E.sub.B) for a physical cleaning (24) and the energy consumption (E.sub.P) for the subsequent production cycle (23) up to a predefined, in particular current point in time. The method further includes computing a relative energy consumption (E.sub.rel) by way of division of the recorded total energy consumption (E.sub.G) by a net permeate volume (Q.sub.N) which has been produced during the filtration cycle (22) up to the predefined point in time and starting a physical cleaning (24) in dependence on the relative energy consumption or of a characteristic value derived from this.

A process for the regeneration of a membrane wall in a distillation apparatus, wherein a distillation apparatus having one or more evaporation and condensation stages is provided, each evaporation and condensation stage having at least one flow channel conducting a liquid, said flow channel being at least partially confined by a vapor-permeable and liquid-impermeable membrane wall, wherein vapor emerging from the liquid passes through the membrane wall. The liquid is removed from the at least one flow channel, wherein, after the removal of the liquid, the membrane wall is surrounded on both sides by a gas atmosphere, but is still wetted with liquid, and this liquid is removed by adjusting the gas atmosphere surrounding the membrane wall such that the partial pressure of the liquid in the gas atmosphere is lower than the vapor pressure of the liquid wetting the membrane wall.