Disclosed are methods of manufacturing a zeolite membrane, comprising: providing at least one porous substrate; and coating the at least one porous substrate with a membrane. In some embodiments, the method further comprises hydrothermally treating the membrane with a first hydrothermal treatment step with tetrapropylammonium fluoride (TPAF) and a second hydrothermal treatment step with tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH). In some embodiments, coating the substrate with a membrane comprises surrounding at least a portion of the at least one porous substrate with a precursor gel, the gel comprising a gel phase and a plurality of CHA or MFI crystals; heating the at least one porous substrate and the precursor gel; washing the at least one porous substrate; drying the at least one porous substrate; and calcining the at least one porous substrate.

Nanofiltration of aqueous solutions or other water-based fluids in various applications, such as desalination, dialysis, seawater purification, for example, may be enhanced through precisely controlling a filtration cutoff within graphene oxide nanofilters. By initially compressing and constraining the stacked thickness of multiple graphene oxide layers deposited between porous substrates, the interlayer gap size, and thus, the filtration cutoff may be adjusted and optimized.

Nanofiltration of aqueous solutions or other water-based fluids in various applications, such as desalination, dialysis, seawater purification, for example, may be enhanced through precisely controlling a filtration cutoff within graphene oxide nanofilters. By initially compressing and constraining the stacked thickness of multiple graphene oxide layers deposited between porous substrates, the interlayer gap size, and thus, the filtration cutoff may be adjusted and optimized.

The antimicrobial agent includes at least one two-dimensional metal carbide layer. The two-dimensional metal carbide has the formula Ti.sub.n+1C.sub.nT.sub.x, where T represents a terminal functional group and x represents the number of terminal functional groups. The two-dimensional metal carbide is preferably Ti.sub.3C.sub.2T.sub.x. The terminating group may be oxygen, hydroxide (OH), fluorine or combinations thereof. The antimicrobial agent may be used as a two-dimensional metal carbide antimicrobial membrane (10) or filter for removal of harmful bacteria, such as E. coli and B. subtilis. A stack of two-dimensional metal carbide layers (14) may be supported on a polymer filter substrate (12), such as a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) supporting substrate.

Described are porous sintered metal membranes that include multiple layers made from different metal particles, that may be useful as filter membranes, and methods of making and using the porous sintered metal membranes.

A washing machine includes a filter that is operably connected to a water circulation system to filter water. The filter may include a mesh filter element and a porous membrane whereby water passes through the mesh element and then through the porous membrane prior to exiting the washing machine. The porous membrane may include a plurality of openings of about 5 microns to about 100 microns to capture microparticles.

The present invention relates to a composite porous hollow-fiber membrane including a first layer and a second layer which each include a fluororesin-based polymer, in which the first layer has a columnar texture oriented in a longitudinal direction of the composite porous hollow-fiber membrane, the columnar texture has an average value v of a Raman orientation parameter calculated with the specific formula, and the second layer has a three-dimensional network texture and has an average surface-pore diameter of 5.0 nm to 5.0 m.

A manufacturing method of a meltblown fiber membrane includes the following step. A meltblown film is made to pass between a first pressing roller and a second pressing roller, such that a calendering process is performed on the meltblown film, in which the meltblown film includes a plurality of meltblown fibers, each of the meltblown fibers includes a high-fluidity polyester and a modified polyester, a melt index of the high-fluidity polyester under a temperature of 230? C. ranges from 350 g/10 min to 550 g/10 min, a melt index of the modified polyester under a temperature of 230? C. ranges from 200 g/10 min to 400 g/10 min, and a roller temperature of each of the first pressing roller and the second pressing roller ranges from 100? C. to 155? C.

A method for preparing a super-hydrophobic membrane by cleaning a metal mesh by immersion in an organic solvent; subjecting the cleaned metal mesh to a surface modification treatment to increase its hydrophilicity; coating the treated metal mesh with a hydrophobic organic substance; and drying the metal coated mesh for obtaining the super-hydrophobic membrane. The super-hydrophobic membrane obtained thereby.

A method of synthesizing cellulose nano-crystals from date palm seeds includes providing washed and dried date palm seeds, milling the date palm seeds to a fine powder, adding a bleaching agent to the fine powder to separate cellulose from the powder, placing the cellulose in a container with an acid solution to form a mixture, heating the mixture, isolating cellulose crystals from the mixture, and reducing the particle size of the cellulose crystals in the solution to provide cellulose nano-crystals. The particle size can be reduced by adding the cellulose crystals to a quantity of water to form a solution, and ultrasonicating the solution at about 90% amplitude for about 45 minutes to form cellulose nano-crystals. The cellulose nano-crystals can have a size ranging from about 5 nm to about 100 nm.