An object of the present invention is to provide a porous hollow-fiber membrane satisfying both high strength and high pure-water permeation performance and at the same time, having high bending resistance. The present invention relates to a porous hollow-fiber membrane including a fluororesin-based polymer, in which the porous hollow-fiber membrane has a columnar texture oriented in a longitudinal direction of the porous hollow-fiber membrane and when a photograph of a cross-section parallel to the longitudinal direction of the porous hollow-fiber membrane is binarized into a structure portion and a void portion, the following 1) and 2) are satisfied: 1) a proportion of an area of the void portion is from 20 to 50%, and 2) a value obtained by dividing a total of peripheral lengths of the void portions by a total of areas of the void portions is 2.0 ?m.sup.?1 or less.

Disclosed are a preparation method, a product and an application of a hydrophobically modified membrane based on multi-effect thermal energy conversion, the preparation method includes the steps: S1. dispersing carbon nanotubes with surfaces carboxylated in a solvent to form a dispersion; S2. applying the dispersion evenly on a PVDF membrane, and drying to form a ready-to-use membrane; S3. performing thermo-mechanical pressure treatment of the ready-to-use membrane to form a functional membrane with strong robustness; and S4. placing the functional membrane with strong robustness in an alkane solution of PDMS containing a silane coupling agent, and then taking it out for drying.

The antimicrobial agent includes at least one two-dimensional metal carbide layer. The two-dimensional metal carbide has the formula Ti.sub.n+1C.sub.nT.sub.x, where T represents a terminal functional group and x represents the number of terminal functional groups. The two-dimensional metal carbide is preferably Ti.sub.3C.sub.2T.sub.x. The terminating group may be oxygen, hydroxide (OH), fluorine or combinations thereof. The antimicrobial agent may be used as a two-dimensional metal carbide antimicrobial membrane (10) or filter for removal of harmful bacteria, such as E. coli and B. subtilis. A stack of two-dimensional metal carbide layers (14) may be supported on a polymer filter substrate (12), such as a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) supporting substrate.

Methods are generally provided for forming a membrane. In one embodiment, the method includes: dispersing GO nanoparticles in a solvent; depositing the GO nanoparticles on a support to form a GO membrane; and reducing the GO membrane to form a rGO membrane. Also provided is the rGO membrane formed from such methods, along with a plurality of stacked rGO layers. Methods are also provided for separating water from a water/oil emulsion by, for example, passing water through the rGO membrane.

The present disclosure discloses a method for preparing a metal-organic framework filter comprising the steps of bringing metal sources into contact with organic ligands and forming a metal-organic framework filter on substrates by a hot-pressing method. By the method of the present disclosure, a large amount of metal-organic framework filters with high purity can be obtained quickly and easily, thereby realizing industrialized production and application and the method has such advantages as low cost, simple operation, rapid production, batch product and high purity.

Disclosed herein is a method of making a crosslinked membrane such as a crosslinked hollow fiber membrane. The method comprises (a) preparing a polyimide polymer comprising carboxylic acid functional groups from a reaction solution comprising monomers and at least one solvent; (b) treating the polyimide polymer with a diol at esterification conditions to form a monoesterified polyimide polymer; (c) forming a monoesterified polyimide membrane or dense film from the monoesterified polyimide polymer; and (d) subjecting the monoesterified polyimide membrane or dense film to transesterification conditions under a CO.sub.2 atmosphere to form a crosslinked polyimide membrane or dense film.

Provided is a separation membrane that when used in membrane separation of a mixture of a linear hydrocarbon and a branched hydrocarbon and/or cyclic hydrocarbon of equivalent carbon number to the linear hydrocarbon, can efficiently separate the linear hydrocarbon and the branched hydrocarbon and/or cyclic hydrocarbon. The separation membrane includes a porous support and a porous separation layer disposed on the porous support and containing an MFI-type zeolite. In an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained through X-ray diffraction measurement of the porous separation layer, the intensities of diffraction peaks attributed to specific MFI-type zeolite crystal planes satisfy specific relationships.

A method of manufacture of crosslinked, edible, porous hollow fibers and sheet membranes suitable for the manufacture of clean meat products, the hollow fibers and sheet membranes made therefrom and methods of use thereof.

A method of synthesizing cellulose nano-crystals from date palm seeds includes providing washed and dried date palm seeds, milling the date palm seeds to a fine powder, adding a bleaching agent to the fine powder to separate cellulose from the powder, placing the cellulose in a container with an acid solution to form a mixture, heating the mixture, isolating cellulose crystals from the mixture, and reducing the particle size of the cellulose crystals in the solution to provide cellulose nano-crystals. The particle size can be reduced by adding the cellulose crystals to a quantity of water to form a solution, and ultrasonicating the solution at about 90% amplitude for about 45 minutes to form cellulose nano-crystals. The cellulose nano-crystals can have a size ranging from about 5 nm to about 100 nm.

A production system for manufacturing composite porous solid articles is provided wherein the color of such articles is monitored to confirm that the articles, which are produced by heating and compressing mixtures of poly(vinylidene fluoride) binder powder (such as Kyblock? resin from Arkema) and activated carbon powder, are fully cured. Adjustments to the processing conditions are made when a region of the article appears blue (indicative of incomplete curing).