Provided are a porous substrate structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The porous substrate structure includes a substrate, an anodic aluminum oxide layer and a double metal oxide layer. The substrate has a plurality of pores. The anodic aluminum oxide layer is disposed on the substrate. The double metal oxide layer is disposed on the anodic aluminum oxide layer.

Porous liquid-filtering membranes are provided having a boundary region substantially surrounding the pore region and having greater tear resistance than the pore region.

A proton exchange membrane includes a porous structural framework and a boron-based acid group bonded to the porous structural framework. The porous structural framework may be formed of an amorphous or crystalline inorganic material and/or a synthetic or natural polymer. The boron-based acid group may be a tetravalent boric acid derivative, such as a cyclic boric acid derivative, borospiranic acid, or a borospiranic acid derivative. The boron-based acid group may be the reaction product of boric acid or a boric acid derivative and a poly-hydroxy compound.

Disclosed is the preparation of composite membranes formed by a tailored selective chemical modification of an ultra-thin nanoporous surface layer of a semi-crystalline mesoporous poly (aryl ether ketone) membrane with graded density pore structure. The composite separation layer is synthesized in situ on the poly (aryl ether ketone) substrate surface and is covalently linked to the surface of the semi-crystalline mesoporous poly (aryl ether ketone) membrane. Hollow fiber configuration is the preferred embodiment of forming the functionalized the poly (aryl ether ketone) membranes. Composite poly (aryl ether ketone) membranes of the present invention are particularly useful for a broad range of fluid separation applications, including organic solvent ultrafiltration and nanofiltration to separate and recover active pharmaceutical ingredients.

A proton exchange solid support includes a first solid support including a polymer, a second solid support, and a tetravalent boron-based acid group that links the first solid support to the second solid support.

A method for manufacturing a porous device (10) is described. The method comprises creating (340) a carbon nanomembrane (40) on a top surface (22) of a base material (20) having latent pores (23) and etching (360) the latent pores (23) in the base material (20) to form open pores (24). The porous device (10) can be used as a filtration device.

A method for making a filter membrane includes: forming a polymer layer; applying a plurality of nanoparticles on the polymer layer, the nanoparticles being self-assembled to form a closed pack arrangement on the polymer layer; heating the nanoparticles such that a portion of the polymer layer contacting the nanoparticles is softened so that the nanoparticles are sunk into the polymer layer; and removing the nanoparticles from the polymer layer so that the polymer layer is formed with a plurality of pores penetrating the polymer layer and being arranged in a honeycomb pattern.

An apparatus for fabricating a graphene membrane includes a first section having a first fluid chamber for housing a suspension of graphene platelets in a fluid. A second section is positionable adjacent the first section. The second section has a second fluid chamber and a porous support housed in the second fluid chamber for supporting a porous substrate. When the first section is positioned adjacent to the second section and the porous substrate is supported by the porous support, the first fluid chamber and the second fluid chamber are in fluid communication via the porous substrate. The apparatus further includes a pressurizer for creating a pressure differential between the first fluid chamber and the second fluid chamber and thereby forcing the fluid through the porous substrate and into the second fluid chamber and lodging the graphene platelets in the pores of the porous substrate.

A proton exchange membrane includes a porous structural framework and a boron-based acid group bonded to the porous structural framework. The porous structural framework may be formed of an amorphous or crystalline inorganic material and/or a synthetic or natural polymer. The boron-based acid group may be a tetravalent boric acid derivative, such as a cyclic boric acid derivative, borospiranic acid, or a borospiranic acid derivative. The boron-based acid group may be the reaction product of boric acid or a boric acid derivative and a poly-hydroxy compound.

Provided is a method for preparing a defect-free DDR molecular sieve membrane. Sigma-1 molecular sieve is used as an inducing seed crystal to prepare and obtain a continuous and compact DDR molecular sieve membrane on the surface of a porous ceramic support. An ozone atmosphere or an external field assisted technology is used to remove a template in the pores of the molecular sieve membrane at a low temperature. The invention avoids the formation of intercrystal defects and cracks, an activated DDR molecular sieve membrane has a good selectivity for separating CO2, and the membrane preparation time is significantly reduced.