A process for separating carbon dioxide from a fluid containing carbon dioxide, NO.sub.2, and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen comprises the steps of separating at least part of the fluid into a carbon dioxide enriched stream, a carbon dioxide depleted stream comprising CO.sub.2 and at least one of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen and a NO.sub.2 enriched stream and recycling said NO.sub.2 enriched stream upstream of the separation step.

The present invention offers a forward osmosis composite hollow fiber membrane module having hollow fiber bundles comprising a plurality of hollow fibers, the hollow fibers having a separation layer composed of a macromolecular polymer thin film provided on the inner surface of a microporous hollow fiber supporting membrane, wherein the membrane area of the hollow fiber bundle is at least 1 m.sup.2, and a variation coefficient for the average thickness of the separation layer in the radial direction and the lengthwise direction of the hollow fiber bundles, as calculated by a method of measuring the mass of the separation layer portion in a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of the separation layer in the thickness direction, is 0% to 60%.

The present invention relates to improved methods for the preparation of thin film composite membranes by interfacial polymerization, preferably (organic) solvent resistant thin film composite membranes. More in particular the method of the present invention allows for the preparation of thin film composite membranes wherein a thin film is deposited on a porous crosslinked support. Said method comprises the one step solidification, impregnation and crosslinking of the porous support through phase inversion by immersion of the cast membrane polymer film in an (aqueous) solvent comprising a polyfunctional monomers.

A gas separation composite membrane, containing: a gas-permeable supporting layer; and a gas separating layer containing a crosslinked polyimide resin, over the gas-permeable supporting layer, in which the crosslinked polyimide resin is composed of a polyimide compound having been crosslinked through an ester linking group, in which the polyimide compound contains a repeating unit of formula (I), a repeating unit of formula (II-a) or (II-b), and a repeating unit of formula (III-a) or (III-b), and in which a ratio [κ] of a site forming a crosslinked chain mediated by the ester linking group to an imide group (the number of specific crosslinkable sites/the number of imide groups) is more than 0.4 and less than 0.5.

Membranes having an average pore size of 5 nm to 5,000 nm and a porosity of 15% or more, said membrane being obtainable by a process comprising curing a composition comprising: 5 to 64 wt % of (i) a cross-linking agent comprising at least one cationic group; and 36 to 95 wt % of (ii) inert solvent(s).

The membranes are useful for detecting, filtering and/or purifying biomolecules.

Described herein is a crosslinked graphene and biopolymer (e.g. lignin) based composite membrane that provides selective resistance for gases while providing water vapor permeability. Methods for making such membranes, and methods of using the membranes for dehydrating mixtures, are also described.

Disclosed is a method of modifying a metal-organic framework (MOF), the modified MOF, and methods for using the same. The method of modification can include heating a mixture comprising an azide compound and a MOF to generate a nitrene compound and nitrogen (N2) from the azide compound and covalently bonding the nitrene compound to the MOF to obtain the modified MOF.

Embodiments for a crosslinked alkoxysilyl polynorbornene homopolymer and methods of making crosslinked alkoxysilyl polynorbornene homopolymer are provided, where the method comprises polymerizing through addition polymerization or ring opening metathesis polymerization a norbornene monomer comprising an alkoxysilyl moiety in the presence of a catalyst to produce an alkoxysilyl modified polynorbornene homopolymer, and producing a crosslinked alkoxysilyl polynorbornene homopolymer through sol-gel initiated crosslinking of the alkoxysilyl modified polynorbornene homopolymer at ambient conditions, or acid-catalyzed conditions.

The invention relates to extracorporeal blood circuits, and components thereof (e.g., hollow fiber membranes, potted bundles, and blood tubing), including 0.005% to 10% (w/w) surface modifying macromolecule. The extracorporeal blood circuits have an antithrombogenic surface and can be used in hemofiltration, hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, hemoconcentration, blood oxygenation, and related uses.

Provided is a system that can prevent or reduce adhesion of a raw material component to a membrane surface and increase the recovery rate of the raw material component after concentration. A raw material liquid concentration system for a medicine production process is provided with: a forward osmosis membrane unit having a forward osmosis membrane, and a raw material liquid side space and an inductive solution side space which are separated from each other by the forward osmosis membrane; a raw material liquid channel for supplying, to the raw material liquid side space, a raw material liquid containing a solvent and a solute; an inductive solution channel for supplying, to the inductive solution side space, an inductive solution containing an inductive material; a concentrated liquid channel for removing a concentrated raw material liquid from the forward osmosis membrane unit; and a diluted inductive solution channel for removing a diluted inductive solution from the forward osmosis membrane unit. The forward osmosis membrane produces the concentrated raw material liquid and the diluted inductive solution by moving the solvent in the raw material liquid into the inductive solution and by moving the inductive material in the inductive solution into the raw material liquid.