A method of manufacture of crosslinked, edible, porous hollow fibers and sheet membranes suitable for the manufacture of clean meat products, the hollow fibers and sheet membranes made therefrom and methods of use thereof.

A composite material type oxygen transport membrane and its preparation method are disclosed. The composite material that is an ionic-electronic mixed conducting material having high ionic conductivity is stirred into slurry and formed into a thin strip-shaped green tape substrate through tape casting to obtain a predetermined half-finished substrate, and then sintered to form the half-finished substrate into a conductive function type oxygen ion conducting substrate, followed by choosing small particle shaped highly catalyzed ionic-electronic mixed conducting material to be evenly adhered to at least one side surface of the conductive function type oxygen ion conducting substrate to form a reductive function type oxygen ion conducting layer. The reductive function type oxygen ion conducting layer and the conductive function type oxygen ion conducting substrate are then bonded to produce a composite material type oxygen transport membrane element.

A composite membrane comprising: a) a porous support; b) a gutter layer; and c) a discriminating layer;
wherein at least 10% of the discriminating layer is intermixed with the gutter layer.

Provided are a curable composition including an amide compound that is represented by Formula (1) below and of which a density of sulfonic acid is 3.9 milliequivalent/g or greater. ##STR00001## m represents an integer of 1 or greater, n represents an integer of 2 or greater, L.sup.1 represents a m+1-valent linking group, and L.sup.2 represents an n-valent linking group. R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R.sup.2 represents SO.sub.3.sup.?M.sup.+ or SO.sub.3R.sup.3 (R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group). Here, in a case where there are plural R.sup.2's, not all of the R.sup.2's are SO.sub.3R.sup.3. M.sup.+ represents a hydrogen ion, an inorganic ion, or an organic ion.

An air-impermeable water vapor transport membrane comprises an active layer on a microporous polymeric substrate. The active layer comprises a polyethylene-oxide containing copolymer and a polar protic solvent in an amount of about 3% to about 100% of copolymer weight in the active layer. Molecules of the protic solvent are bonded to the copolymer. The polar protic solvent reduces temperature-dependent variability in the water-vapor permeability of the membrane.

The invention provides a blood purifier which shows a decreased amount of hydrogen peroxide extracted from its selectively permeable separation membranes, and thus is highly reliable in its safety in use for hemecatharysis. The blood purifier comprises selectively permeable separation membranes as a main component and is characterized in that the amount of hydrogen peroxide which is extracted from the selectively permeable separation membrane removed from the blood purifier after 3 months or longer has passed since the sterilization of the blood purifier by exposure to a radioactive ray and/or an electron ray is not larger than 10 ppm.

One aspect of the disclosed is to provide a method of manufacturing a nanoporous multilayer graphene membrane, including a first step of oxidizing a surface of a multilayer graphene membrane, a second step of reducing the oxidized surface of the multilayer graphene to carry out reductive etching such that oxidized carbon atoms on the surface are naturally and randomly dispersed, and a third step of repeatedly performing a series of the first and the second steps until nanopores penetrating the multilayer graphene are formed.

A filter molded article using a graphene with water passage holes having a desired size is produced in a simple step. A method for producing a filter molded article having a graphene layer as a filtering material is characterized by including a step of forming a support 3 layer on a surface of a graphene 1 layer formed on initial substrates for a graphene 2 and 9, a step of forming water passage holes in the support 3 layer, a step of removing the initial substrates for a graphene 2 and 9, and a step of forming water passage holes by heating and holding the graphene 1 layer at a low temperature in the air containing oxygen of 160 to 250? C. for a predetermined time.

A composite membrane for separations includes a substrate sheet with a non-woven array of nanotubes, and a dopant incorporated with the substrate sheet to form a non-porous, permeable composite. The composite membrane may be used to separate a target gas from a liquid by mounting the composite membrane in a housing chamber, and conditioning a permeate side of the chamber to establish a driving force for the target gas across the non-porous, permeable composite membrane.

A method for fabricating a nanopore at a particular location in a membrane includes controlling a dielectric strength of the membrane at a particular location on the membrane while applying one of an electric potential or an electric current to the membrane, monitoring an electrical property across the membrane while one of the electric potential or the electric current is being applied across the membrane, detecting an abrupt change in the electrical property across the membrane while one of the electric potential or the electric current is being applied across the membrane; and removing the electric potential or the electric current from the membrane in response to detecting the abrupt change in the electrical property.