A universal, scalable, solvent-free, one-step method for thermal annealing a stainless steel membrane to create a superhydrophilic surface. The superhydrophilic membrane itself, and methods for using it to separate oil and water in an oil and water mixture or for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and other organic contaminants.

Charge mosaic membranes useful for desalination applications, and methods of making and using the same, are described.

A carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) capture system to reduce CO.sub.2 emissions comprises an absorption zone and a regeneration zone. The absorption zone captures CO.sub.2 from exhaust gas by absorption in a liquid solvent separated from the exhaust gas by a separator. The liquid solvent comprises a blend of alkali metal salts of two or more amino or amino-sulfonic acids, thereby forming a first constituent and a second constituent. The first constituent is a primary or secondary amino or amino sulfonic acid with molar mass of less than 200 g/mol. The second constituent has a molar mass of less than 300 g/mol. The regeneration zone may rejuvenate the liquid solvent rich in captured CO.sub.2 by heating so that a resulting liquid solvent with a low concentration of CO.sub.2 is pumped back to the absorption zone. An on-board CO.sub.2 capture and storage system for a mobile internal combustion engine and a method for capturing CO.sub.2 are also described.

Disclosed herein is an ion selective separation membrane including: a metal organic framework layer formed on, in, and/or around a substrate, the metal organic framework having a crystal structure that includes a first surface and a second surface and includes ion transport channels formed between respective pore windows in the first surface and the second surface; first and second electrodes to apply a potential difference across the membrane; wherein the respective pore windows have a pore size that is less than the hydrated diameter of the ion for which the ion selective separation membrane is selective.

A filter medium according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first support having a plurality of pores; a nanofiber web comprising nanofibers disposed on upper and lower portions of the first support and forming a three-dimensional network structure, and a hydrophilic coating layer formed on at least a part of an outer surface of the nanofibers, wherein the hydrophilic coating layer is formed of a hydrophilic coating composition comprising a hydrophilic polymer compound having at least one functional group selected from a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group and a crosslinking agent comprising at least one sulfone group; and a second support having a plurality of pores interposed between the first support and the nanofiber web.

Porous compositions such as flexible polymers with side chain porosity are generally provided. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a flexible polymer backbone and a plurality of rigid side chains. In some embodiments, the rigid side chains form pores. In some embodiments, the rigid side chains may comprise two or more [2.2.2] bicyclic cores (e.g., formed by a ring opening metathesis polymerization. The compounds and methods described herein may be useful in various applications including, for example, gas separation.

A method for preparing a nanoporous silica sol-gel matrix containing at least one amine reactant selected from hydroxylamine, methylhydroxylamine, tertbutylhydroxylamine, methoxyamine, tetraethylenepentamine, dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides, particularly adipic acid dihydrazide, and the salts thereof, said method including the following steps: a) synthesising a gel from tetramethoxysilane or from a mixture of tetramethoxysilane and another organosilicon precursor selected from among phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, a fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane, a fluoroalkyltriethoxysilane, a chloroalkylmethoxysilane, a chloroalkylethoxysilane, an alkyltrimethoxysilane, an alkyltriethoxysilane, an aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the mixtures thereof, the synthesis being performed in an aqueous medium at a temperature ranging from 10 to 70° C. in the presence of at least one amine reactant selected from among hydroxylamine, methylhydroxylamine, tertbutylhydroxylamine, methoxyamine, dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides, particularly adipic acid dihydrazide, and the salts thereof; b) drying the gel obtained during step a) so as to obtain a sol-gel matrix containing at least one amine reactant.

Disclosed are a polysaccharide-peptide composite and a method of preparing the same. The polysaccharide-peptide composite is prepared from a bitter melon peptide (BMP) powder, gardenia fruit oil, a soybean polypeptide powder, an oat dietary fiber powder, a konjac powder, a corn silk, a mulberry leaf extract, a Poria cocos extract, a hawthorn extract, nutritional yeast and a pancreatin. The BMP powder is prepared by temperature-controlled hydrolysis, staged enzymatic hydrolysis and multiple filtrations. The gardenia fruit oil is prepared by staged enzymatic hydrolysis, multi-step centrifugation, filtration and stratification.

The disclosure relates to a method for separation and purification of N-acetyl-glucosamine, and belongs to the technical field of biological engineering. In the disclosure, a raw material solution containing N-acetyl-glucosamine is obtained by microbial fermentation or by hydrolyzing the chitin. The raw material solution is subjected to flocculation pretreatment, and continuous centrifugation or pressure filtration is performed to remove suspended solids such as microorganisms, proteins and polysaccharides to obtain clear liquid. Double-stage ion exchange chromatography is performed to remove impurities such as charged organic molecules and inorganic salts. Membrane concentration is performed to efficiently remove water to improve the concentration of the target product. Spray drying or further evaporation concentration and crystallization are performed. Finally drying is performed to obtain an N-acetyl-glucosamine crystal of which the purity is more than 99%.

Filter holders and membranes are provided that can be included within a bioreactor bag system. The filter holders and membranes include features that allow incorporation of advanced membrane materials having differing material characteristics than traditional membranes that more closely matched the characteristics of the filter holder.