Multiblock polymer materials, methods of preparing, and using to separate proteins, nucleic acids, other biological or other biomolecules, compounds, or solutes, with high fluxes through electrostatic interactions where the self-assembled block polymer materials contain at least one of macro, meso, or micro pores, and at least some of the pores are isoporous, and at least one polymer block contains stationary electrostatic charge, or reactive functional groups to provide large surface areas that are charged in isoporous structure.

The present disclosure provides a porous polymeric membrane that is coated with a cross-linked polymerized monomer. The coating on the porous polymeric membrane has a charge when it is immersed in an organic liquid. The coated porous polymeric membrane, a filter utilizing the membrane, and a method for treating an organic liquid used for photoresist with the coated porous polymeric membrane to remove metal contaminants from the organic liquid are disclosed.

The present disclosure describes membrane compositions and methods for preparing membrane compositions. In particular, the methods employ a layer-by-layer approach to membrane preparation. The membrane compositions provide significantly enhanced membrane performance over existing commercial membranes, particularly in terms of permeability and selectivity.

Durable asymmetric composite membranes consisting essentially of a film of cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) adhered to a sheet of hydrophilicitized microporous poly(ethylene) are disclosed. The membranes have application in the recovery of water from feed streams where the ability to clean in situ is desirable, for example in dairy processing. Methods of preparing cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) suitable for use as the rejection layer and hydrophilicitized sheets of microporous poly(ethylene) suitable for use as the support layer of such membranes are also disclosed.

A monovalent selective ion exchange membrane is disclosed. The membrane includes a polymeric microporous substrate, a cross-linked ion-transferring polymeric layer on a surface of the substrate, and a charged functionalizing layer covalently bound to the ion-transferring layer. A method of producing a monovalent selective cation exchange membrane is also disclosed. The method may include chemically adsorbing a styrene intermediate layer to a cross-linked ion-transferring polymeric layer on a surface of a polymeric microporous substrate, chlorosulfonating the styrene intermediate layer to attach a sulfonyl chloride group layer, aminating the sulfonyl group layer to attach an amine group layer, and functionalizing the amine group layer with a charged compound layer to produce the cation exchange membrane. Water treatment systems including the monovalent selective cation exchange membrane and methods of facilitating water treatment including providing the monovalent selective cation exchange membrane are also disclosed.

A monovalent selective ion exchange membrane is disclosed. The membrane includes a polymeric microporous substrate, a cross-linked ion-transferring polymeric layer on a surface of the substrate, and a charged functionalizing layer covalently bound to the ion-transferring layer by an acrylic group. A method of producing a monovalent selective cation exchange membrane is also disclosed. The method may include chemically adsorbing an acrylic intermediate layer comprising a chlorosulfonated methacrylate group to a cross-linked ion-transferring polymeric layer on a surface of a polymeric microporous substrate, aminating the chlorosulfonated methacrylate group to attach an amine group layer, and functionalizing the amine group layer with a charged compound layer to produce the cation exchange membrane. Water treatment systems including the monovalent selective cation exchange membrane and methods of facilitating water treatment including providing the monovalent selective cation exchange membrane are also disclosed.

A water treatment method including: a concentration step of concentrating microorganisms in sample water to purify a concentrate; a detection step of detecting an inhibitor contained in the sample water or the concentrate; a determination step of determining whether to perform a removal step based on a result of the detection in the detection step; the removal step of removing the inhibitor from the concentrate in a case where the removal step is determined to be performed in the determination step; and a measurement step performed after the determination step or the removal step, of measuring the microorganisms contained in the concentrate.

A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 5 from a compound represented by the following formula 1 as a starting material and a method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer in which the fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound is used:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a C.sub.1-3 alkylene group, and R.sup.F1 and R.sup.F2 are a C.sub.1-3 perfluoroalkylene group.

The present disclosure describes membrane compositions and methods for preparing membrane compositions. In particular, the methods employ a layer-by-layer approach to membrane preparation. The membrane compositions provide significantly enhanced membrane performance over existing commercial membranes, particularly in terms of permeability and selectivity.

To provide a membrane electrode assembly which is excellent in strength and is capable of reducing the electrolysis voltage when applied to a water electrolysis apparatus, and such a water electrolysis apparatus.

The membrane electrode assembly of the present invention is a membrane electrode assembly for use in a water electrolysis apparatus, comprising an anode having a catalyst layer, a cathode having a catalyst layer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups, and a woven fabric, the aperture ratio of the woven fabric is at least 50%, the denier number of warp yarns and the denier number of weft yarns, constituting the woven fabric, are each independently at least 2, and a relationship of Y≤240X−170 is satisfied where the membrane thickness of the polymer electrolyte membrane is Y μm, and the ion exchange capacity of the fluorinated polymer is X meq/g dry resin.