The filtration material includes a supporting layer, a first selective layer disposed on the supporting layer, and a second selective layer disposed on the first selective layer. The first selective layer includes a polyimide and an ionic polymer intertwined with the polyimide. In particular, the polyimide includes at least one repeat unit having a structure represented by Formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein A.sup.1 is ##STR00002##
A.sup.2 is ##STR00003##
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently H, CF.sub.3, OH, Br, Cl, F, C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group; and X and Y are independently single bond, O, CH.sub.2, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, or NH.

The invention relates to a power distribution system (1), especially a Power-over-Ethernet system, comprising at least one dominant sensor, which may be located within a powered device (4) like a lighting device, and at least one non-dominant sensor, which may be located within another powered device (4), wherein the power distribution system is adapted such that in a system low power mode the at least one dominant sensor (6) consumes power provided by a power providing unit (3) and the at least one non-dominant sensor (6) does not consume the provided power and that the power distribution system (1) switches from the system low powermode to a system high power mode, if the at least one dominant sensor (6) has sensed an event. Since in the system low power mode the at least one non-dominant sensor does not consume power, the power consumption can be reduced.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a perm-selective porous membrane and a method of separating gases using the prepared porous membrane. According to the present invention, a membrane is synthesized using a hierarchically structured alumina porous support by a counter diffusion method. During this synthesis, the diffusion rate of metal ions loaded on the porous support is controlled by controlling the pore size of the porous support, and the position at which the membrane is synthesized is controlled by synthesizing the membrane inside the support. This can increase the physical stability of the membrane and make the membrane thicker so as to ensure higher H.sub.2/CO.sub.2 separation factors.

A method for fabricating an alumina body having nano-sized open-cell pores, the alumina body is formed from ?-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and Al(OH).sub.3. The alumina body has porosity of greater than 36 percent by volume and a mean pore flow diameter less than 25 nm. The alumina body retains porosity of over 20 volume percent for temperatures up to 1510? C. for 1 hour. The nano-sized open-cell porous body can be scaled to any 3-dimensional structure.

A polyolefin microporous membrane is disclosed. The membrane includes at least one microporous membrane layer, where the microporous membrane layer has an air permeability between about 100 sec/100 cc and about 220 sec/100 cc, a pin puncture strength of at least 550 gf, and a crystallization half time t.sub.1/2 of from 10 to 35 minutes when subjected to isothermal crystallization at 117? C. The air permeability and the pin puncture strength are normalized to a thickness of 16 ?m.

Compositions made of laminate comprised of porous carbon nanotube (CNT) are disclosed. Uses of the Compositions, particularly for reducing a formation of a load of a microorganism or of a biofilm, are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to a porous membrane and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a thermally stable porous membrane capable of securing thermal stability and long-term stability of gas separation performance at high temperatures, and a manufacturing method thereof. This invention is related to a porous membrane comprising: a first Zeolitic Imidazolate Fragments (ZIFs) part formed on a surface of a porous support; and a second ZIFs part embedded in the porous support, wherein the second ZIFs part is formed in a state in which it penetrates from an interface between the first ZIFs part and the second ZIFs part to a predetermined depth.

Porous air permeable expanded PTFE composite with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties are described. The node and fibril microstructure of expanded PTFE is coated on and within the node and fibril microstructure with a suitably chosen polymer to impart property enhancement while maintaining porosity. The coating polymer content of the composite is maintained between 3 and 25 weight percent of the composite and the areal mass of the composite is less than 75 gm/m.sup.2. Exemplary enhancement to properties may include, among others, Average Tensile Strength (ATS) (in MPa)?Z strength (in MPa) of 50 MPa.sup.2 or greater, preferably 100 MPa.sup.2 or greater, with air flow less than 500 Gurley seconds. Coating polymers with appropriate temperature resistance provides composites which further exhibit shrinkage of less than 10% at temperatures up to 300? C. with air flow of less than 500 Gurley seconds.

The invention relates to a multilayer metallic or ceramic membrane device, comprising a macroporous carrier layer including pores having a pore diameter of more than 50 nm, and at least one mesoporous intermediate layer disposed thereon, including pores having a pore diameter of 2 nm to 50 nm. The membrane device according to the invention furthermore comprises at least one microporous cover layer disposed on the mesoporous intermediate layer, including pores having an average pore diameter of 0.3 nm to 1.5 nm, comprising graphite oxide or few-layer graphene oxide or graphite or few-layer graphene. In an advantageous embodiment, the cover layer comprises between 5 and 1000 layers of graphene oxide. In an advantageous embodiment, the cover layer can comprise between 5 and 1000 layers of partially reduced graphene oxide or graphene as a result of the at least partial reduction of the graphene oxide. The multilayer, chemically and mechanically stable and temperature-resistant membrane device according to the invention, comprising the functional cover layer thereof including microporous graphene oxide or graphene, is advantageously suitable for use in water separation or purification, or for gas separation.

A method of manufacturing a composite film, the method including: a coating step including coating a coating liquid containing a resin on one surface or both surfaces of a porous substrate to form a coating layer; a solidification step including solidifying the resin by bringing the coating layer into contact with a solidifying liquid to obtain a composite film including the porous substrate and a porous layer that is formed on one surface or both surfaces of the porous substrate and that includes the resin; a water washing step including washing the composite film with water; and a drying step including drying by removing water from the composite film while transporting the composite film at a transport speed of 30 m/min or more using a drying apparatus including a drying device including a contact type heating device and a hot air blowing device, wherein the composite film is brought into contact with a contact type heating device as well as exposed to hot air blown from a hot air blowing device, to remove water from the composite film being performed by bringing.