A hydrophilic graphitic material is provided that may be formed by heating a graphitic material to a temperature between about 150 C. to about 1400 C. for an extended period of time under an inert atmosphere. Annealing CNT film at 500 to 1400 removes amorphous carbon to produce purified CNT film. The purified CNT film can be further densified with the treatment of alkylphosphonic acid or alkyldiphophonic acid and heating to produce a hydrophilic, densified CNT film which is mechanically robust and does not adhere to other solid surfaces. These films can be used as filtration membranes with superior membrane fouling resistance among other uses.

The porous hollow-fiber membrane of the present invention comprises a fluororesin polymer, and has columnar structures oriented in the longitudinal direction thereof. In the porous hollow-fiber membrane, molecular chains of the fluororesin polymer have been oriented in the longitudinal direction of the porous hollow-fiber membrane and have an average value of Raman orientation parameter of 1.5-4.0.

Provided is a nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) membrane made of a hard carbon film that has oil resistance and can efficiently separate not only ions in water but also dye molecules present in an organic solvent, a filtering filter, a two-layer-bonded-type filtering filter, and methods for manufacturing the same, using a nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) membrane (10) made of a hard carbon film characterized by being made of a hard carbon film, having a thickness (t.sub.10) of from 5 nm to 300 nm, and having a maximum pore diameter of less than 0.86 nm.

A filtration membrane coating comprising a hydrophilic polymer, a surfactant, and one or more charged compounds, each containing one or more sulfonate functionalities and one or more linkable functionalities selected from the group consisting of amine, monochlorotriazine, and dichlorotriazine. The hydrophilic polymer and surfactant form a thin primer layer which is also superhydrophilic. The primer layer improves flux, and enables improved adhesion of the one or more charged compounds, which form a charged dye layer on top of the primer layer when enhances rejection of charged divalent ions. The coating can be applied while the membrane is packaged in its final form, such as in a spiral wound or other configuration.

The present invention relates to a crosslinked unreinforced cellulose hydrate membrane crosslinked using at least two different crosslinking agents, to a method for the production thereof and to the use of the crosslinked unreinforced cellulose hydrate membrane according to the invention.

Provided is a method including the steps of producing a melt-kneaded product and discharging the melt-kneaded product. In the step of producing a melt-kneaded product, a thermoplastic resin, a non-solvent and an inorganic compound are mixed and melt-kneaded, wherein the non-solvent does not uniformly dissolve the thermoplastic resin of one-quarter mass at a boiling point or 250 C., whichever is lower.

A method ensuring excellent chemical resistance to a chemical cleaning solution, excellent filtration performance and an enhanced life in a saccharified solution production method including a cleaning step and filtration using a porous filtration membrane. A method for producing a saccharified solution, including the following steps: a liquefaction step of adding an enzyme to liquid starch to obtain a sugar-containing liquefied product; a saccharification step of adding a saccharifying enzyme to further degrade the sugar and obtain a saccharified solution composition containing a saccharified solution and an insoluble component; a filtration step of passing the saccharified solution composition through a porous membrane composed of a resin having a three-dimensional network structure to separate the saccharified solution from the insoluble component; and a cleaning step of passing or soaking the porous membrane into a cleaning solution to clean/remove the insoluble matter attached to the surface or inside of the porous membrane.

Multi-block isoporous structures for non-aqueous and/or harsh chemical media having at least one of high separation specificity, chemical resistance, and antifouling properties, methods of manufacturing and use, for replacements or alternatives to existing separation membrane technologies.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of purifying solvents. The purified solvents can be used for cleaning a semiconductor substrate in a multistep semiconductor manufacturing process.

A filtration membrane coating comprising a hydrophilic polymer, a surfactant, and one or more charged compounds, each containing one or more sulfonate functionalities and one or more linkable functionalities selected from the group consisting of amine, monochlorotriazine, and dichlorotriazine. The hydrophilic polymer and surfactant form a thin primer layer which is also superhydrophilic. The primer layer improves flux, and enables improved adhesion of the one or more charged compounds, which form a charged dye layer on top of the primer layer when enhances rejection of charged divalent ions. The coating can be applied while the membrane is packaged in its final form, such as in a spiral wound or other configuration.