Compositions made of laminate comprised of porous carbon nanotube (CNT) are disclosed. Uses of the Compositions, particularly for reducing a formation of a load of a microorganism or of a biofilm, are also disclosed.

The present invention provides a polymer functional film obtained by polymerizing and curing a composition including (A) a styrene-based monomer represented by Formula (HSM); (B) a crosslinking agent represented by Formula (CL); and (C) a polymerization initiator represented by Formula (PI-1) or (PI-2), and a method for producing the same: ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or N.sup.+(R.sup.2)(R.sup.3)(R.sup.4)(X.sub.1.sup.?); n1 represents an integer from 1 to 10; here, R.sup.2 to R.sup.4 each independently represent a particular substituent; X.sub.1.sup.? represents an organic or inorganic anion; L.sup.1 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group; Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd each independently represent a particular substituent; n2 and n4 each independently represent an integer from 1 to 10; X.sub.2.sup.? and X.sub.3.sup.? each independently represent an organic or inorganic anion; and R.sup.5 to R.sup.10 each represent a hydrogen atom or a particular substituent.

The present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane including: a substrate; a porous support layer disposed on the substrate; and a separation functional layer disposed on the porous support layer, in which the separation functional layer includes: a first layer including a crosslinked aromatic polyamide; and a coating layer existing on the first layer and including an aliphatic polyamide including a fluorine atom, and the composite semipermeable membrane has a proportion of the number of fluorine atoms to the total number of atoms of all elements of 0.5% or more and 8% or less, and has a ratio (N/O ratio) of the number of nitrogen atoms to the number of oxygen atoms of 0.8 or more and 1.3 or less.

The present disclosure relates to a highly-permeable microporous thermally crosslinked polymer membrane obtained by thermally crosslinking halogenated aromatic polymers having multiple benzene rings and a halogenated benzene ring, and a preparation method thereof. The microporous thermally crosslinked polymer membrane according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has a dramatically increased free volume, thus enabling excellent gas separation performance, particularly high gas permeability, and improved plasticization resistance, chemical resistance, and durability.

The invention relates to a method for producing alcohols by homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins to aldehydes and subsequent hydration of the aldehydes. The invention further relates to a system for carrying out the method. The main focus is on the separation technique for work-up of the hydroformylation mixture. The problem addressed by the invention is that specifying a work-up method for hydroformylation mixtures that utilizes the specific advantages of known separation technologies but at the same time largely avoids the specific disadvantages of said separation technologies. The most important objective is to create a catalyst separation system that is as complete and at the same time conservative as possible and that operates in a technically reliable manner and entails low investment and operating costs. The method should be unrestrictedly suitable for processing the reaction output from oxo systems in world scale format. The problem is solved by combining membrane separation units and a thermal separation unit, the thermal separation unit being operated in such a manner that 80% to 98% of the mass introduced with the product stream into the thermal separation unit exits the thermal separation unit again as a head product.

The invention relates to a multilayer metallic or ceramic membrane device, comprising a macroporous carrier layer including pores having a pore diameter of more than 50 nm, and at least one mesoporous intermediate layer disposed thereon, including pores having a pore diameter of 2 nm to 50 nm. The membrane device according to the invention furthermore comprises at least one microporous cover layer disposed on the mesoporous intermediate layer, including pores having an average pore diameter of 0.3 nm to 1.5 nm, comprising graphite oxide or few-layer graphene oxide or graphite or few-layer graphene. In an advantageous embodiment, the cover layer comprises between 5 and 1000 layers of graphene oxide. In an advantageous embodiment, the cover layer can comprise between 5 and 1000 layers of partially reduced graphene oxide or graphene as a result of the at least partial reduction of the graphene oxide. The multilayer, chemically and mechanically stable and temperature-resistant membrane device according to the invention, comprising the functional cover layer thereof including microporous graphene oxide or graphene, is advantageously suitable for use in water separation or purification, or for gas separation.

The present invention relates to improved methods for synthesis of thin film composite membranes by interfacial polymerization. More in particular, the method of the present invention comprises the impregnation of an ultrafiltration porous support membrane with an aqueous solution containing a polyfunctional nucleophilic monomer, and contacting the impregnated support membrane with a second largely water-immiscible solvent containing a polyfunctional epoxide monomer.

Solvent and acid stable ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes including a non-cross-linked base polymer having reactive pendant moieties, the base polymer being modified by forming a cross-linked skin onto a surface thereof, the skin being formed by a cross-linking reaction of reactive pendant moieties on the surface with an oligomer or another polymer as well as methods of manufacture and use thereof, including, inter alia separating metal ions from liquid process streams.

A hydrogen separation system and membrane is described for extracting hydrogen from gasifier streams at near atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature conditions. The system can be inserted between a small gasifier and an internal combustion engine which runs a genset to optionally co-produce hydrogen and electricity. The hydrogen is used in a number of important industrial processes.

A thermally-crosslinked membrane comprising a poly(1,2,4-triazole)-polymer that includes recurring hydroxyl-functionalized triazole units is described. The polymer has the structure of formula I: (I) wherein Ar describes an aromatic or heteroaromatic group, particularly with substituents and/or a multi-ring system, X describes a N group of the formula OR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a group with 1 to up to 20 carbon atoms; Y describes a bond or a group with 1 to up to 20 carbon atoms, Z describes a group of the common formula SO.sub.3R.sup.1 or PO(OR.sup.1).sub.2, wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal, and q is a whole number between 0 and 4, wherein n is a natural number 10, wherein at least one crosslink is present between two of the hydroxyl-functionalized Ar moieties of the polymer. Methods of making the thermally-crosslinked membranes and separation methods using the thermally-crosslinked membranes are provided.

##STR00001##