A method and chemical delivery system and device are provided. One method useful in the present invention includes contacting a non-aqueous hydrazine solution with a carrier gas and/or vacuum and delivering a gas stream comprising hydrazine to a critical process or application. One chemical delivery system and device useful in the present invention includes a non-aqueous hydrazine solution having a vapor phase that is in contact with a process carrier gas and/or vacuum. One device useful in the present invention includes a chamber for containing a liquid comprising at least one volatile process chemical, such as a non-aqueous hydrazine solution, a hydrogen peroxide solution, or another suitable process chemical, in fluid communication with a permeable or semi-permeable membrane from which the volatile process chemical can be drawn using a carrier gas and/or vacuum. Another method useful in the present invention involves drawing a process chemical from a device as a disclosed herein using a process carrier gas or vacuum and delivering the process chemical to a critical process or application. The system further includes a carrier gas and/or vacuum in fluid contact with the vapor phase and an apparatus for delivering a gas stream comprising at least one component of the solution comprising at least one process chemical to a critical process or application

An electrochemical compressor utilizes an anion conducting layer disposed between an anode and a cathode for transporting a working fluid. The working fluid may include carbon dioxide that is dissolved in water and is partially converted to carbonic acid that is equilibrium with bicarbonate anion. An electrical potential across the anode and cathode creates a pH gradient that drives the bicarbonate anion across the anion conducting layer to the cathode, wherein it is reformed into carbon dioxide. Therefore, carbon dioxide is pumped across the anion conducting layer. The compressor may be part of a refrigeration system that pumps the working fluid in a closed loop through a condenser and an evaporator.

A porous membrane for use in an electroosmotic pump for pumping a fluid by electroosmotic transport, the porous membrane comprising: first and second opposite surfaces and a net fluid flow direction extending in the porous membrane between said opposite surfaces, wherein when a given amount of charge flows through the porous membrane from the first to the second opposite surface more electroosmotic transport of the fluid will occur than when the same amount of charge flows through the porous membrane from the second to the first, opposite surface.

Highly energy efficient electrodialysis membranes having low operating costs and a novel process for their manufacture are described herein. The membranes are useful in the desalination of water and purification of waste water. They are effective in desalination of seawater due to their low electrical resistance and high permselectivity. These membranes are made by a novel process which results in membranes significantly thinner than prior art commercial electrodialysis membranes. The membranes are produced by polymerizing one or more monofunctional ionogenic monomers with at least one multifunctional monomer in the pores of a porous substrate.

Disclosed are copolymers which are useful in hydrophilically modifying porous fluoropolymer supports. An example of the copolymers is: ##STR00001##
Also disclosed are a method of preparing such copolymers, a method of modifying porous fluoropolymer surfaces, and hydrophilic fluoropolymer porous membranes prepared therefrom. Also disclosed is a method of filtering fluids by the use of the hydrophilic fluoropolymer porous membranes.

An ion exchange membrane having a structure that an ion exchange resin is filled in spaces of a porous base film, the porous base film has a structure that at least two porous olefin resin layers are laminated with a bonding strength of 100 gf/cm or more to less than 700 gf/cm and a Gurley air permeance of 500 sec/100 ml or less in terms of a 100 μm thick film. In this ion exchange membrane, base film has high air permeability though it has a multi-layer structure that a plurality of porous resin films are bonded together, and therefore a rise in electric resistance caused by the lamination of the base sheets is effectively suppressed.

A proton exchange solid support includes a first solid support including a polymer, a second solid support, and a tetravalent boron-based acid group that links the first solid support to the second solid support.

Systems and methods for treating multi-component waste streams. In general, systems and methods described herein employ a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a barrier and a filtration component that is fluidically connected to the first and second chambers. A waste stream to be treated will flow into the first chamber for treatment of the carbon-containing waste, then into the filtration component for the separation of the stream into a solid waste fraction and a liquid waste fraction.

Surface conduction in porous media can drastically alter the stability and morphology of electrodeposition at high rates, above the diffusion-limited current. Above the limiting current, surface conduction inhibits growth in the positive membrane and produces irregular dendrites, while it enhances growth and suppresses dendrites behind a deionization shock in the negative membrane. The discovery of uniform growth contradicts quasi-steady “leaky membrane” models, which are in the same universality class as unstable Laplacian growth, and indicates the importance of transient electro-diffusion or electro-osmotic dispersion. Shock electrodeposition could be exploited for high-rate recharging of metal batteries or manufacturing of metal matrix composite coatings.

The present invention relates to a bipolar ion exchange sheet and a manufacturing method therefor, the bipolar ion exchange sheet comprising: a cation exchange film comprising a cation adsorption sheet and a cation exchange coating layer formed on one side of the cation adsorption sheet; and an anion exchange film comprising an anion adsorption sheet and an anion exchange coating layer formed on one side of the anion adsorption sheet, wherein the cation exchange film and the anion exchange film are bonded so that the cation exchange coating layer and the anion exchange coating layer face each other.