An apparatus has a plurality of gas transfer membranes. The apparatus floats in water with the membranes submerged in the water. To treat the water, a gas is supplied to the membranes and is transferred to a biofilm supported on the membranes or to the water. Gas is also used to supply mixing or membrane scouring bubbles to the water. The mixing or scouring bubbles can be provided by a cyclic aeration or other gas supply system, which optionally provides gas at a variable pressure to the membranes in parallel or series with an aerator. Condensates can be removed from the membranes, and exhaust gasses from the membranes can be monitored, optionally through one or more dedicated pipes.

An apparatus includes a housing with an inlet for a pasty product to be aerated and an outlet for the aerated product. The apparatus includes at least a first set of a rotor and a stator and a second set of a rotor and a stator. The apparatus further includes a gas injector for injecting, upstream of the first set of the rotor and the stator, a gas into the pasty product to be aerated. The apparatus further includes an intermediate mixing chamber provided in the housing between the first and the second sets of the rotor and the stator . A secondary product introduction member protrudes into the intermediate mixing chamber so as to issue into the intermediate mixing chamber. A method for aerating a pasty product is also provided.

A gas-saturated liquid generator having a vessel of the generator, a hollow bell in its upside down position located with a tube for gas supply, and a mixer situated in the area for saturated liquid covered by the bell is disclosed. The entire bell is submerged below the surface of the saturated liquid. On a shaft projecting from a driving equipment, the mixer provided with a foaming spring is situated. The mixer provided with a magnetic carrier seated rotatably on the protrusion formed by a bulge in the bottom part of the generator vessel may be used. The preferred bell forms are dome-shaped, cylindrical or conical.

A fluid supply apparatus for inducing cavitation and Coanda effects, includes: a cavitation generator configured to allow an introduced fluid to flow while rotating along a propeller-shaped wing so as to generate microbubbles in the fluid; and a Coanda generator disposed in front of the cavitation generator and having a plurality of Coanda generating protrusions arranged at regular distances so that, as a fluid passing through the cavitation generator to contain microbubbles passes through a passage between the Coanda generating protrusions, a velocity increases and the pressure decreases, thereby causing a Coanda effect in which the fluid flows along a surface of an object.

The present invention is a liquid material vaporizing device that heats a liquid material supplying pipe without providing a heating mechanism, the liquid material vaporizing device including: a gas-liquid mixer unit configured to mix a liquid material and a gas to generate a gas-liquid mixture; a liquid material supplying pipe configured to supply the liquid material to the gas-liquid mixer unit; a vaporizer unit configured to heat the gas-liquid mixture to vaporize the liquid material; and a casing configured to house the gas-liquid mixer unit, the vaporizer unit, and the liquid material supplying pipe, in which a channel configured to guide convection of heat from the vaporizer unit to the liquid material supplying pipe is provided inside the casing.

A heating apparatus includes a heating element which converts electrical power to heat energy, a heatable element having a first surface and a second surface, and a dielectric laminate layer between the heating element and the first surface of the heatable element, wherein the dielectric laminate layer is thermally conductive to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the heatable element, and wherein the second surface of the heatable element is configured heat a liquid in a container.

A heating apparatus includes a heating element which converts electrical power to heat energy, a heatable element having a first surface and a second surface, and a dielectric laminate layer between the heating element and the first surface of the heatable element, wherein the dielectric laminate layer is thermally conductive to transfer heat energy from the heating element to the heatable element, and wherein the second surface of the heatable element is configured heat a liquid in a container.

A separation device with two-stage gas-liquid mixture and conical spiral fields is provided. A first-stage uniform mixer performs first-stage gas-liquid crushing and uniform mixing process by an outer micropore ceramic pipe, a middle micropore ceramic pipe and an inner micropore ceramic pipe and crushes large bubbles in the gas-liquid two-phase flow into small bubbles. A second-stage uniform mixer performs second-stage gas-liquid crushing and uniform mixing process. A whirlpool-making gas collector adjusts the gas-liquid uniform mixing flow obtained after two-stage gas-liquid uniform mixing into hollow-core type high-speed two-phase spiral flow. A conical degasser performs gas-liquid efficient separation operation in a high-speed conical spiral field. A two-stage uniform mixing control system and a gas-liquid separation control system automatically regulate and control the flow and the flow pressure of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, the gas-liquid uniform mixing flow and degassed gas flow and degassed liquid flow.

An algae cultivation system may include: a plurality of panels within a cultivation container, positioned along a first axis perpendicular to the gravitational force, wherein a cultivation volume is created between each pair of panels, and wherein the cultivation volumes are fluidly coupled so as to allow horizontal flow therebetween along the first axis; at least one first sparger, to distribute a first fluid into the container at a first operating flow rate; at least one second sparger, to distribute a second fluid into the container at a second operating flow rate; and at least one controller, to control the first operating flow rate and the second operating flow rate. The first operating flow rate may be adapted to allow turbulent mixing the algae in the cultivation container, and the second operating flow rate may be adapted to allow assimilation of materials in a liquid in the cultivation container.

Dosing and mixing exhaust gas includes directing exhaust gas towards a periphery of a mixing tube that is configured to direct the exhaust gas to flow around and through the mixing tube to effectively mix and dose exhaust gas within a relatively small area. Some mixing tubes include a slotted region and a non-slotted region. Some mixing tubes include a louvered region and a non-louvered region. Some mixing tubes are offset within a mixing region of a housing.