A dust generation apparatus is disclosed. The dust generation apparatus includes: a drum defining a drum chamber for receiving a sample; an agitation system in the drum chamber for agitating the sample to generate an aerosol of the sample in the drum chamber, the agitation system including: at least one first agitator rotatably mounted about a rotational axis extending through the drum chamber to stir the sample in the drum chamber; and a plurality of second agitators configured to tumble in the drum chamber during rotation of the at least one first agitator.