The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.

One aspect relates to a method for providing a bone cement from two starting components, having a hollow cylinder-shaped first container, in which a monomer liquid as first starting component can be stored, a hollow cylinder-shaped second container comprising a container wall, a first internal space, and a second internal space, whereby a bone cement powder as second starting component can be stored in the first internal space, and whereby the monomer liquid can be conveyed into the second internal space, a fluid-conducting conveying means arranged between the first internal space and the second internal space, whereby the first container and the second container are axially connected to each other.

An attachment element for a static mixer and an attachment system with such an attachment element, the static mixer, and a pressure sensor. The attachment element has a flow channel with an inlet opening and an outlet opening arranged opposite the inlet opening in a longitudinal direction of the flow channel and designed as an injection nozzle. The attachment element is designed to be fastened at an inlet side having the inlet opening by a fastening unit of the attachment element on top of an injection tip of the static mixer. Furthermore, the attachment element has a receiving opening for the pressure sensor. The receiving opening extends from an exterior side of the attachment element to an opening in a subsection of a channel wall of the flow channel.

The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.

An internal mixer includes a mixing chamber enclosed by a housing, a feeding neck in which a ram is guided, a closable discharge door, and an intermeshing rotor system, composed of a pair of rotors that can each be rotated about a rotor longitudinal axis, each rotor comprising a rotor main body on which at least one respective rotor blade is arranged, and the rotor blades of the two rotors meshing with one another, is to be refined in such a way that an improved, that is, faster, pull-in behavior is achieved, while optimizing the dispersion and distribution of the introduced materials. To this end, it is provided that in the case of at least one of the rotors, the rotor main body, at least in sub-regions, is non-cylindrical and has a non-circular cross-section, in the surface sections in which no rotor blades are arranged on the rotor main body.

The invention relates to a mixing installation for forming a multi-component product. The mixing installation comprises a material flow line having a first injection inlet, a second injection inlet and a third injection inlet. The third injection inlet is arranged downstream of the first injection inlet and the second injection inlet. The flow line (is provided with a purge downstream of the third injection inlet and arranged directly at the outlet of the third injection inlet, the purge being movable between an active state of purging an upstream part of the flow line and a passive state in which the purge allows the material to flow in the flow line. The invention further relates to an associated control method.

A cartridge and an associated beverage mixture dispensing system are disclosed. The cartridge is detachable from the associated beverage mixture dispensing system. The cartridge includes a casing and at least twenty ingredient reservoirs located within the casing and storing at least twenty respective ingredients. The cartridge also includes a dispensing interface for dispensing the at least twenty ingredients into the beverage mixture dispensing system. The at least twenty ingredient reservoirs include a first reservoir of a concentrated salt and a second reservoir of a concentrated food grade acid. The remaining ingredient reservoirs include additional concentrated ingredients. The beverage mixture dispensing system includes a solvent reservoir and a receiving interface for receiving the at least twenty ingredients from the cartridge. The beverage mixture dispensing system also includes a mixing area fluidly connected to the solvent reservoir and the at least twenty ingredient reservoirs.

Systems and methods for sanitizing a fluid mixture dispensing system are disclosed. One system comprises at least one reservoir for storing a substance, a mixing area, and a controller. The controller is programmed to cause the system to execute a mixing cycle and a cleaning cycle. During the mixing cycle the substance is dispensed from the at least one reservoir to the mixing area to prepare an ingestible fluid mixture. During the cleaning cycle, the substance is dispensed from the at least one reservoir to the mixing area to sanitize the mixing area.

A fluid mixing device includes inlet ports in fluid communication with respective source containers, an inlet check valve, a mixing container in fluid communication with the inlet check valve, a discharge port in fluid communication with a target container, and a discharge check valve in fluid communication with the mixing container and the discharge port. Responsive to a negative pressure at the mixing container, fluid is drawn from the respective source containers through the inlet ports and through the inlet check valve and into the mixing container, while the discharge check valve precludes drawing of fluid from the target container. Responsive to a positive pressure at the mixing container, fluid is expelled from the mixing container through the discharge check valve and into the target container, while the inlet check valve precludes discharge of fluid from the mixing container to the inlet ports and the source containers.

A fluid mixture dispensing system using a membrane to seal multiple reservoirs is disclosed. The multiple reservoirs each contain a respective ingredient. The reservoirs are coupled to respective orifices in a plate. The respective ingredients are dispensable via the respective orifices. The membrane seals the respective orifices. The ingredients are dispensed into one or more channels formed between the membrane and the plate. In specific embodiments, the membrane is an integral part of a cartridge which contains the multiple reservoirs. In specific embodiments, the cartridge includes an inlet and an outlet. A solvent flows from the inlet to the outlet through the one or more channels, and the ingredients are dispensed into the solvent in the one or more channels.