A tank base for a pressure container having a tank base body made in a single piece is provided. The tank base body has an annular connection edge for connecting the tank base to the pressure container, and an inclined bottom wall, the annular connection edge and the inclined bottom wall delimiting a tank bottom cavity with edge surfaces and bottom wall surfaces converging towards a minimum portion. The minimum portion has a drainage opening. The inclined bottom wall is devoid of further drainage openings. The drainage opening is surrounded by a valve flange for connecting a clamp connection adapter unit that converts a bolt compression connection into a clamp compression connection for interchangeably connecting a valve device to the tank base.

Described herein is a reactor (1) includes: a first reaction volume (V1), a second reaction volume (V2), wherein: the first reaction volume (V1) is in fluid communication with an inlet port for an oxidizer agent (OX_IN), an inlet port for at least one first reactant (R1_IN) and an outlet port for at least one reaction product (P1_OUT), said second reaction volume (V2) is in fluid communication with an inlet port for at least one second reactant (R2_IN), an outlet port for at least one second reaction product (P2_OUT) and is furthermore in thermal exchange relationship with said first reaction volume (V1), wherein, during operation, in said first reaction volume (V1) an oxidation reaction occurs between said at least one first reactant and said oxidizer agent with the formation of said at least one first reaction product, and in said second reaction volume (V2) a gasification reaction occurs of said second reactant with the contribution of a thermal energy flow exchanged between the first and the second reaction volumes (V1, V2) with formation of said at least one second reaction product.

Provided is a discharge device for discharging pretreated biomass from a pressurized reactor. The device comprises: a vessel having an opening to a high pressure region at the top, and configured to be connected with a pressurized biomass pretreatment device; one or more inlet openings situated along the sides of the vessels through which water or liquid may be added; an orifice or valve at a lower part of said vessel, said orifice or valve being configured to eject pretreated biomass, optionally into a pipeline. The discharge device is characterised in that it comprises mechanical agitation means, said agitation means comprising an agitation element arranged in the interior of said vessel at a lower part of said vessel, and being configured to provide agitation of the content of said vessel, wherein said agitation means being adapted to withstand a pressure in the interior of a said vessel of 10 bar or more. The agitation means provides for a temperature equalization within a specific vertical range of heights of an aqueous slurry present in said vessel, thereby eliminating disadvantages of the prior art devices and methods.

A process for polymerizing ethylene in a high-pressure polymerization system having a continuously operated polymerization reactor and a reactor blow down system having an emergency valve, a reactor blow down vessel containing an aqueous medium and a reactor blow down dump vessel, wherein the process includes the steps of monitoring the polymerization system for a disturbance, opening the emergency valve when a disturbance occurs to allow the content of the polymerization system to expand into the reactor blow down vessel, contacting the content of the polymerization system in the reactor blow down vessel with the aqueous medium to obtain an aqueous polymer slurry, separating the polymer slurry and gaseous components, and transferring the polymer slurry to the reactor blow down dump vessel.

An apparatus is disclosed for improved high pressure processing of parts and materials with fast cycle time, clean operation, and easy to change pressure vessels. Applications include but are not limited to pressure vessels for critical point drying of MEMS or SEM samples, parts cleaning, supercritical fluid extraction, and aerogel processing. In a specific embodiment, the pressure vessel can operate near or above the critical pressure and temperature of a fluid in the pressure vessel for parts processing. This includes critical point drying of MEMS or SEM samples in an easy to use processing pressure chamber system.

An autoclave vacuum system uses two vacuum sources to selectively impart a vacuum. In an exemplary embodiment, the vacuum sources are different types, wherein the first vacuum source is a vacuum pump, and the second source is a Venturi vacuum. The autoclave vacuum system uses a valve system for controlling whether the first and/or second vacuum sources are fluidly coupled to the vacuum enclosure. The valve system allows the autoclave vacuum system to assume a plurality of different configurations chosen such that a constant desired pressure is attained in the autoclave. The valve system may be triggered by a control system configured to recognize and act upon autoclave requirements such as temperature, pressure, duration of use, and number of cycles.

In a solid waste treatment system comprising an autoclave (201) not having a particulate filter at its outlet, a method of removing particulates suspended in steam discharged from the autoclave following processing of solid waste is disclosed. The method includes discharging steam from the autoclave; routing the steam to the inlet (301) of a separation vessel (209) that further includes an outlet (303) and a baffle (302) between the inlet and the outlet; and collecting particulates (304) that drop from suspension in the steam at the bottom of the separation vessel. The baffle is configured so that steam is incident upon the baffle to reduce its flow velocity.

A system for chemical transformation of 3D state materials is disclosed wherein, a reaction group having a main body arranged to shape a reaction chamber in which a component configured to support a sample of 3D state arranged to be chemically transform is expected. The system further includes an oven arranged to heat the reaction chamber and a GAS supply group arranged to release a first gas in the reaction chamber and/or a casing component, inside the main body, which has a chemical agent suitable for releasing a second gas into the reaction chamber. The main body has at least two turbines arranged to converge into the reaction chamber, the first and/or the second gas on the samples. The invention relates also to a method for chemical transformation of 3D state materials.

A method for preparing a supercritical fluid by deep-sea pressure is provided and belongs to the technical field of supercritical fluid preparation. The method includes the following steps of: placing a low-pressure fluid in a closed flexible container, sending the closed flexible container down to a location of a sea at a depth where a seawater pressure meets a requirement by using a powered or unpowered traction device, leaving the flexible container standing still until a volume of the flexible container does not change, wrapping the closed flexible container with a rigid pressure-bearing container, transferring the closed flexible container to the sea surface by the powered or unpowered traction device, and taking out the fluid in the flexible container as supercritical fluid. Then the supercritical fluid is produced. Therefore, the process of preparing supercritical (high pressure) liquid in the deep-sea is safer and more stable than the preparation way on land.

A pressure vessel has a restraint structure for accommodating thermal cycling thereof, including: a body with a cylindrical section; a skirt connected to the body and having a foot; and a plurality of blocks disposed around the skirt adjacent to the foot. Each block is anchored to a support frame or foundation, and has a base and a flange. Each flange overlaps the foot, thereby vertically linking the blocks and the skirt. A radial clearance is formed between an outer surface of the foot and an inner surface of each base. A vertical clearance is formed between an upper surface of the foot and a lower surface of each flange.