The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of hydrocarbons and ammonia without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, waste gases containing CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 from an upstream process are fed to compression reactors. In addition, hydrogen from an electrolyzer is fed to these reactors to enable hydrogenation of the fed substances. Methane, alcohols and ammonia, for example, can be produced by this process. In order to increase the yield of the process, it is planned to raise the reactant pressure with the aid of a compressor.

A substrate processing apparatus, includes a sealed pressure vessel, such as an Atomic Layer Deposition, ALD, apparatus, a fluid inlet assembly attached to a wall of the sealed pressure vessel, the fluid inlet assembly having a fluid inlet pipe passing through the wall, and a resilient element in the fluid inlet assembly around the fluid inlet pipe coupling the inlet pipe to the wall, where one of an interior surface and an exterior surface of the resilient element sees pressure prevailing within the pressure vessel and the other sees ambient pressure, and where the fluid inlet pipe prevents fluid carried inside from being in contact with the resilient element, and a relating method.

A substrate processing apparatus, includes a sealed pressure vessel, such as an Atomic Layer Deposition, ALD, apparatus, a fluid inlet assembly attached to a wall of the sealed pressure vessel, the fluid inlet assembly having a fluid inlet pipe passing through the wall, and a resilient element in the fluid inlet assembly around the fluid inlet pipe coupling the inlet pipe to the wall, where one of an interior surface and an exterior surface of the resilient element sees pressure prevailing within the pressure vessel and the other sees ambient pressure, and where the fluid inlet pipe prevents fluid carried inside from being in contact with the resilient element, and a relating method.

A fluid inlet assembly for a substrate processing apparatus includes a fluid inlet pipe configured to pass through a wall of a sealed pressure vessel, a resilient element around the fluid inlet pipe outside the sealed pressure vessel coupling the fluid inlet pipe to the wall, and first and second end parts, the resilient element being coupled therebetween.

A fluid inlet assembly for a substrate processing apparatus includes a fluid inlet pipe configured to pass through a wall of a sealed pressure vessel, a resilient element around the fluid inlet pipe outside the sealed pressure vessel coupling the fluid inlet pipe to the wall, and first and second end parts, the resilient element being coupled therebetween.

The present disclosure relates to a device for accurately measuring photocatalytic efficiency. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure further relate to a method of utilizing the disclosed device, for example, to obtain accurate measurements of photocatalytic efficiency and a photocatalyst compatible with the device in the present disclosure. Application of the present disclosure may include the quantification of photocatalytic light conversion metrics such as in a research environment.

The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1, 1′), having a lower part (20) and the lid (24) which can be locked to one another, in order, in the state in which they are locked to one another, to surround a reaction chamber (22) on all sides as a pressure space for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) which are received in the reaction chamber (22), and a fluid inlet (FE) with a check valve (4) for feeding a fluid into the reaction chamber (22), the check valve (4) extending at least partially in the lid (24).

The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1, 1′), having a lower part (20) and the lid (24) which can be locked to one another, in order, in the state in which they are locked to one another, to surround a reaction chamber (22) on all sides as a pressure space for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) which are received in the reaction chamber (22), and a fluid inlet (FE) with a check valve (4) for feeding a fluid into the reaction chamber (22), the check valve (4) extending at least partially in the lid (24).

Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, methods, and devices for generating high-pressure gas such as hydrogen and oxygen. In one aspect, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a reactor which includes a pressure vessel containing a metal compound configured to react with a liquid to generate the high-pressure gas when the liquid is available in the vessel. The reactor includes an outlet configured to pass the generated high-pressure gas out of the vessel. The apparatus also includes a receiver configured to store the generated high-pressure gas generated in the vessel and passed to a receiver via the outlet or passed directly to fuel cell or vehicle tank.

Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, methods, and devices for generating high-pressure gas such as hydrogen and oxygen. In one aspect, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a reactor which includes a pressure vessel containing a metal compound configured to react with a liquid to generate the high-pressure gas when the liquid is available in the vessel. The reactor includes an outlet configured to pass the generated high-pressure gas out of the vessel. The apparatus also includes a receiver configured to store the generated high-pressure gas generated in the vessel and passed to a receiver via the outlet or passed directly to fuel cell or vehicle tank.