Activated treated water that can be manufactured by an extremely simple method and with which activation treatment can be performed on water that has not undergone activation treatment without direct contact. Activated treated water that is clustered water that has undergone activation treatment and thereby formed small molecule groups, wherein the ratio FID/FID0 of the free induction decay (FID) (units being seconds) of a peak originating in the hydrogen atoms in the water molecules in the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum for the activated treated water and the free induction decay FID0 (units being seconds) of a peak originating in the hydrogen atoms in the water molecules in the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum for water that has not undergone activation treatment is 0.80 or less.

The present invention relates to a high pressure homogenizer and a method for manufacturing graphene using the same, and according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high pressure homogenizer comprising a channel module which comprises a microchannel through which an object for homogenization passes, wherein the channel module comprises at least one baffle disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces and the baffle is provided so as to partition the microchannel into two spaces along the width direction or the height direction.

A synthetic single crystal diamond contains nitrogen atoms at a concentration of more than 600 ppm and 1500 ppm or less, and the nitrogen atoms do not include any isolated substitutional nitrogen atom.

A device (1) for generating high pressures in solid and liquid media is described. The device (1) includes a lower shell-shaped body half (2) and an upper shell-shaped body half (3). The device (1) further includes a lower elastic membrane (6) and an upper elastic membrane (7), which are each inserted into the lower body half (2) and into the upper body half (3), respectively. The respective body half (2, 3) and the respective membrane (6, 7) inserted into it each surround a pressure chamber (62, 73). The device (1) furthermore includes an opening and a channel (14) in the lower body half (2), in order to attach an oil line from an oil pump to the device and to pump the oil into the pressure chamber between the lower body half (2) and the elastic membrane (6) inserted into it. The pressure chambers (62, 73) in the lower body half (2) and in the upper body half (3) communicate by means of a line. The device (1) is distinguished in that the line connects the pressure chambers (62, 73) in the lower body half (2) and the upper body half (3) permanently with one another in both the open and the closed state of the device. The device is furthermore distinguished in that it includes a pipeline, which is embodied in the form of a helical spring line (17) and extends outside the lower shell-shaped body half (2) and the upper shell-shaped body half (3).

A composite polycrystal includes: a polycrystalline diamond phase including a plurality of diamond particles; and non-diamond phases composed of non-diamond carbon. The non-diamond phases are distributed in the polycrystalline diamond phase. An average value of projected area equivalent circle diameters of the non-diamond phases is not more than 1000 nm.

A polycrystalline diamond construction comprising a body of polycrystalline diamond material formed of a mass of diamond grains exhibiting inter-granular bonding, wherein between around 50 wt % to around 99 wt % of the diamond grains in a cross-section of the body of polycrystalline diamond material taken at any orientation have a sectorial growth structure. A method of making the polycrystalline diamond construction is also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for synthesis of condensed, nano-carbon materials to create nanoparticles. In one embodiment the system may have a source of liquid precursor, a flow control element and a shock wave generating subsystem. The flow control element is in communication with the source of the liquid precursor and creates a jet of liquid precursor. The shock wave generating subsystem drives a shock wave through at least a substantial portion of a thickness of the jet of liquid precursor to sufficiently compress the jet of liquid precursor, and to increase a pressure and a temperature of the jet of liquid precursor, to create solid state nanoparticles.

The present invention relates to a high pressure homogenizer and a method for manufacturing graphene using the same, and according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high pressure homogenizer comprising a channel module which comprises a microchannel through which an object for homogenization passes, wherein the channel module comprises at least one baffle disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces and the baffle is provided so as to partition the microchannel into two spaces along the width direction or the height direction.

Methods of forming polycrystalline diamond compacts include employing field assisted sintering techniques with high temperature and high pressure sintering techniques. For example, a particle mixture that includes diamond particles may be sintered by subjecting the particle mixture to a high temperature and high pressure sintering cycle, and pulsing direct electrical current through the particle mixture during at least a portion of the high temperature and high pressure sintering cycle. The polycrystalline diamond compacts may be used to form cutting elements for earth-boring tools. Sintering systems are configured to perform such sintering processes.

Provided is polycrystalline diamond having a diamond single phase as basic composition, in which the polycrystalline diamond includes a plurality of crystal grains and contains boron, at least either of nitrogen and silicon, and a remainder including carbon and trace impurities; the boron is dispersed in the crystal grains at an atomic level, and greater than or equal to 90 atomic % of the boron is present in an isolated substitutional type; the nitrogen and the silicon are present in an isolated substitutional type or an interstitial type in the crystal grains; each of the crystal grains has a grain size of less than or equal to 500 nm; and the polycrystalline diamond has a surface covered with a protective film.