A portable, sustainable, and efficient system and apparatus for breaking down processed solid plastic waste and other polymer-based feedstock into fuel oil, sustainable energy, carbon char, and other useful products. With minor modifications, biomass can also be treated. Distributed microwave heating sources and mechanical mixing effectively mix heat in a highly insulated reactor that protects the microwave components, makes fast pyrolysis possible, and thereby enables scaling down to compact and highly portable systems. Products include diesel, gasoline, propane, butane, and char. Product materials are distributed using tight temperature control and mechanical routing.

A processing system and method of producing a particulate material are provided. The processing system includes a system inlet connected to one or more gas lines to deliver one or more gases into the processing system, a buffer chamber, a dispersion chamber, a heating assembly, a reaction chamber and a system outlet for delivering particulate material out of the processing system. The method includes delivering one or more gases via a system inlet into a buffer chamber of a processing system, jetting a liquid mixture into one or more streams of droplets using one or more power jet modules into the processing system, delivering flows of one or more heated gases via a heating assembly, forming a reaction mixture and processing the reaction mixture at a reaction temperature into a product material inside the reaction chamber.

An apparatus for preparing aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions is described, comprising (a) a reactor (1), (b) a first reservoir unit (8) comprising a first reactant for preparation of chlorine dioxide, the first reactant being in solid form, having an inlet (15) for water and a separate outlet (21), the first reservoir unit (8) being exchangeable, (c) a second reservoir unit (4) for storing a second reactant for preparation of chlorine dioxide. Additionally described are an exchangeable reservoir unit for such an apparatus, a kit comprising or consisting of one or more exchangeable reservoir units and a process for preparing a chlorine dioxide-containing solution usable directly for water treatment.

A fluid handling system for applying a plurality of pulses of fluid shear stress to a fluid sample may comprise a first sample chamber; a second sample chamber; a plurality of conduits mounted between and in fluid communication with the first sample chamber and the second sample chamber; and a force delivery system mounted to the first sample chamber and configured to apply a force sufficient to push the fluid sample from the first sample chamber through each of the conduits at a substantially constant flow rate to the second sample chamber. The plurality of conduits may be arranged in series and separated by additional sample chambers or arranged such that the conduits are substantially parallel to one another. The force delivery system may be a gas delivery system or a linear drive assembly.

The invention provides a built-in micro-interface oxidation system for preparing terephthalic acid from p-xylene. The oxidation system includes a first reactor, a rectifying tower and a second reactor which are sequentially connected. A first outlet is disposed on a side wall of the first reactor; a first inlet is disposed on a side wall of the second reactor; a material inlet is disposed on a side wall of the rectifying tower; and a material outlet is disposed at a bottom of the rectifying tower. The first outlet is connected with the material inlet of the rectifying tower; the first inlet is connected with the material outlet of the rectifying tower. Micro-interface units are arranged in the first reactor and the second reactor for dispersing and crushing air into bubbles. Through disposing micro-interface units in reactors, problems of high energy consumption, high raw material consumption and low reaction efficiency are solved.

A fluidized catalytic reactor utilizes an ascending temperature profile. The apparatus and process deliver cooler spent catalyst to a first catalyst distributor and a hotter regenerated catalyst to a second catalyst distributor that are spaced apart from each other. The reactant stream first encounters the first stream of catalyst and then encounters the second stream of catalyst. The process and apparatus stage the addition of hot catalyst to the reactant stream. The process and apparatus may be particularly advantageous in an endothermic reaction because the hotter catalyst will encounter reactants that have cooled due to the progression of endothermic reactions.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus for preparing oligomer including: a reactor; a gas-liquid separator; a solvent transfer line; a second transfer line; a first spray nozzle unit; and a second spray nozzle unit. The apparatus is capable of improving stability of the entire process by including a first spray nozzle unit and a second spray nozzle unit in a reactor and thus preventing by-products containing polymer substances such as C20+ from being entrained with a desired product during a reaction.

Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer and fuel cell systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongated tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces. The wall encloses an unobstructed gaseous flow passageway. At least a portion of the wall has CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the CPOX reactor unit.

A chemical solution supply part for supplementing the chemical solution to the chemical solution storage tank and a purge gas supply part for supplying N.sub.2 gas as a purge gas to the chemical solution storage tank are in communication with the chemical solution storage tank, and a first manometer serving as a pressure measurement part is arranged on the chemical solution storage tank. In addition, a drain piping is connected to a head portion of the plunger pump, and an automatically controlled air-bleed valve, which is an air-bleed mechanism, is arranged on the drain piping. On the other hand, a second manometer is arranged in the middle of the chemical solution supply pipe, and a front end of the solution supply pipe on the downstream side serves as an injection point for the chemical solution S.

The present invention provides an a polyarylene sulfide (PAS) production device provided with a supply tube for loading corrosive materials such as a strong alkali into a reaction vessel, wherein prescribed amounts of various raw materials or the like can be accurately loaded into the reaction vessel without causing decreases in production efficiency due to the replacement of the supply tube or the repair of the reaction vessel in response to the corrosion of the supply tube or the like.

The present invention is a production device, and a PAS production device, in particular, provided with a reaction vessel equipped with one or a plurality of supply tubes, at least one of the supply tubes having an insert pipe, which is preferably detachable, to be inserted into an outer supply tube; and a tip opening of the insert pipe being positioned further inward than an inside wall of the reaction vessel.