A pyrolysis reactor (12) and method for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases (e.g., methane) utilizes a pyrolysis reactor (12) having a unique burner assembly (44) and pyrolysis feed assembly (56) that creates an inwardly spiraling fluid flow pattern of the feed gases to form a swirling gas mixture that passes through a burner conduit (46) with a constricted neck portion or nozzle (52). At least a portion of the swirling gas mixture forms a thin, annular mixed gas flow layer immediately adjacent to the burner conduit (46). A portion of the swirling gas mixture is combusted as the swirling gas mixture passes through the burner conduit (46) and a portion of combustion products circulates in the burner assembly (44). This provides conditions suitable for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons or light alkane gas, such as methane or natural gas.

A method and system for continuous production of contaminant free and size specific biochar using downdraft gasification of variable quality feedstock. The system and process of the present invention includes the transfer of biochar from a gasifier after gasification to a temperature-controlled cooling screw conveyor, into a drum magnet for ferrous metal removal into multiple diverters to separate and remove ungasified materials and non-ferrous metal contaminants, then transferred into a granulator for grinding and screening the biochar to a pre-selected size. By directly attaching a novel and continuous product treatment process to the biochar stream as it exits the gasifier, the particle size, moisture content, carbon content and yield of a contaminant free biochar product can be narrowly controlled and improved to meet strict product quality specifications required by specialty applications.

A method and apparatus for reforming carbonaceous material into syngas containing hydrogen and CO gases is disclosed. In one embodiment, a hydrogen rich torch reactor is provided for defining a reaction zone proximate to torch flame. One input of the reactor receives input material to be processed. Further inputs may be provided, such as for example to introduce steam and/or gases such as methane, oxygen, hydrogen, or the like.

Disclosed is a system and method related to removal of carbon from carbon dioxide via the use of plasma arc heating techniques. The method involves generating C atoms and H atoms from C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves generating graphite and H.sub.2 from the C atoms and H atoms, and extracting the graphite. The method involves quenching the H.sub.2 with C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving, at a generator, the quenched the H.sub.2 and C.sub.YH.sub.y and generating electricity. The method involves generating a concentrated stream of H.sub.2 from the quenched H.sub.2 and C.sub.xH.sub.y. The method involves receiving CO.sub.2 and the concentrated stream of H.sub.2 and generating C, O, and H atoms. The method involves receiving the C, O, and H atoms and generating graphite, wherein the graphite is extracted. In the hydrocarbon C.sub.xH.sub.y: x is an integer 1, 2, 3, . . . , and y=2x+2.

An apparatus (1) for thermal denitration of a uranyl nitrate hydrate to uranium trioxide UO3. The apparatus (1) comprises a burner (114) and a reaction chamber (110) configured to carry out thermal denitration of uranyl nitrate hydrate and to form uranium trioxide UO3 in the form of particles. The apparatus also comprises a separating chamber (120) suitable for separating UO3 particles from the gases resulting from the thermal denitration carried out in the reaction chamber (110), and at least one filter (130) configured for purifying the gases. The separating chamber (120) is a decanting chamber into which the reaction chamber (110) directly opens out. The filter (130) is capable of performing the separation at a temperature greater than or equal to 350° C. The invention also relates to use of such an apparatus, to a thermal denitration process and to UO3 particles obtained by such a process.

A waterless decarboxylation device used to decarboxylate cannabis is described. For example, the device could include a product container to contain an amount of raw cannabis plant material, a heating container configured to surround and contact the product container, a heater in contact with the heating container, a foam layer surrounding the product container and heating container, at least one sensor configured to detect the temperature of the heating container, a lid that encloses the product container and fluidly seals it from the environment, and a controller configured to control power to the heater in response to signals sent from the at least one sensor indicating whether the heating container has reached a threshold temperature.

Provided are a carbon nanotube production device and production method capable of realizing high-temperature heating of a catalyst raw material in a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method, and improving the quality and yield of carbon nanotubes synthesized. A carbon nanotube production device 1 includes a synthesis furnace 2 for synthesizing carbon nanotubes; a catalyst raw material supplying nozzle 3 for supplying a catalyst raw material used to synthesize carbon nanotubes to the synthesis furnace 2; and a nozzle temperature adjusting unit 6 capable of setting a temperature of an inner portion 4 of the catalyst raw material supplying nozzle 3 higher than a temperature of a reaction field 5 of the synthesis furnace 2. By supplying to the synthesis furnace 2 the catalyst raw material that has been thermally decomposed after being heated to a temperate at which a catalyst metal will not yet be condensed, and by having the thermally decomposed catalyst raw material rapidly cooled to a CVD temperature at the synthesis furnace 2, microscopic catalyst metal particles will be generated at a high density in the space of the reaction field 5 such that carbon nanotubes having a small diameter can be vapor-grown at a high density.

A device for pyrolysis reactions includes a feeding pump, a flow meter, an atomizer, a pyrolysis reactor, electromagnetic coils, an electromagnetic induction heating power, a temperature sensor, a temperature controller, a condenser and a product tank. The feeding pump is connected with the flow meter which is connected to the inlet of the atomizer in the pyrolysis reactor. There is a port at the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor, with the port at the top of the pyrolysis reactor connected with the condenser. The condenser is connected with the product tank. The external wall of the pyrolysis reactor is surrounded by electromagnetic coils which are connected with the electromagnetic induction heating power. The temperature sensor is placed between the pyrolysis reactor and the coils, which is connected with the temperature controller. The contact resistance between the atomized material and the hot surface can be.

The invention provides a method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass, which comprises: using waste biomass from agriculture and forestry as raw materials, conducting pyrolysis carbonization reaction at 630˜720° C. under oxygen-limited or oxygen-insulation conditions, obtaining biochar and bio-tar-containing pyrolysis oil-gas mixture after gas-solid separation of the products; treating the bio-tar-containing pyrolysis oil-gas mixture obtained with a biochar catalyst at 690˜850° C., carrying out bio-tar catalytic cracking to obtain small molecular combustible gas and light bio-tar, preserving heat and ageing the biochar obtained at 530˜650° C. then making a kind of biochar catalyst. The invention further provides an integrated device used for the method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass, comprising: a spiral feeder, a pyrolysis carbonization device and a catalysis device. The method of pyrolysis carbonization and catalysis for biomass and the device thereof according to the invention can solve the problems presented in the existing methods such as high energy consumption, high cost, and low utilization ratio of energy.

Described herein is an apparatus (10), system (300) and method for pyrolysing and combusting a material. One described embodiment provides an apparatus (10) comprising one or more crucibles (50, 51) for receiving a material to be pyrolysed and combusted therein and one or more heating tubes (100-210) disposed in proximity to the crucible(s) (50, 51). The or each heating tube (100-210) is configured for receiving byproduct(s) produced during pyrolysis and combustion of the material within the crucible(s) (50, 51) and pyrolising and combusting the byproduct(s) to produce flue gas from the byproduct(s). The flue gas produced within the heating tube(s) (100-210) are mixed with a hydroxy gas.