Providing a method for generating and releasing 1-MCP gas from a complex carrier through the use of a 1-MCP generator that enables the application of at least one physical, releasing force to a carrier complex and/or mixture comprising water and the carrier complex, or the interaction of steam with a carrier complex and/or mixture comprising water and the carrier complex, over a determined period of time.

A system for producing hydrogen gas, heat and an oxide component using a water splitting process is disclosed. The system involves a dry first chamber containing a passivating-oxide preventing reagent that receives a solid material feedstock and dissolves the solid material feedstock in the passivating-oxide preventing reagent. The passivating-oxide preventing reagent becomes saturated with the solid material in the first chamber and is then transferred to a second chamber without contact with water. In the second chamber, the solid material saturated in the passivating-oxide preventing reagent reacts with the water so as to generate hydrogen gas, an oxide component and heat. Following the reaction, the solid material depleted passivating-oxide preventing reagent and water is recycled to be re-used in the water splitting process.

The present disclosure is directed to steam reformers for the production of a hydrogen rich reformate, comprising a shell having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the shell, and at least one heat source disposed about the second end of the shell. The shell comprises at least one conduit member comprising at least one thermally emissive and high radiant emissivity material, at least partially disposed within the shell cavity. The shell further comprises at least one reactor module at least a portion of which is disposed within the shell cavity and about the at least one conduit member and comprises at least one reforming catalyst. The disclosure is also directed to methods of producing a hydrogen reformate utilizing the steam reformers, comprising the steps of combusting a combustible mixture in a burner to produce a combustion exhaust that interacts with the steam reactor module(s) through surface to surface radiation and convection heat transfer, and reforming a hydrocarbon fuel mixed with steam in the steam reformers to produce a hydrogen-containing reformate. The present disclosure is further directed to reactor modules for use with the above steam reformers and methods of producing a hydrogen reformate.

The present disclosure is directed to steam reformers for the production of a hydrogen rich reformate, comprising a shell having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the shell, and at least one heat source disposed about the second end of the shell. The shell comprises at least one conduit member comprising at least one thermally emissive and high radiant emissivity material, at least partially disposed within the shell cavity. The shell further comprises at least one reactor module at least a portion of which is disposed within the shell cavity and about the at least one conduit member and comprises at least one reforming catalyst. The disclosure is also directed to methods of producing a hydrogen reformate utilizing the steam reformers, comprising the steps of combusting a combustible mixture in a burner to produce a combustion exhaust that interacts with the steam reactor module(s) through surface to surface radiation and convection heat transfer, and reforming a hydrocarbon fuel mixed with steam in the steam reformers to produce a hydrogen-containing reformate. The present disclosure is further directed to reactor modules for use with the above steam reformers and methods of producing a hydrogen reformate.

An electromagnetic resonance apparatus for molecular, atomic, and chemical modification of water is provided. The apparatus includes a water container, a resonance induction cell tower, an electronic control unit, a 12-volt power source, a DC to AC power inverter, and a pressure vessel for storing produced hydrogen gas. An electronic control unit is used to provide vibrational energy to the cell tower to facilitate water decomposition.

An electromagnetic resonance apparatus for molecular, atomic, and chemical modification of water is provided. The apparatus includes a water container, a resonance induction cell tower, an electronic control unit, a 12-volt power source, a DC to AC power inverter, and a pressure vessel for storing produced hydrogen gas. An electronic control unit is used to provide vibrational energy to the cell tower to facilitate water decomposition.

Disclosed is a method for preparing ammonia gas through a reaction between an ammonium salt and a silicate. An aqueous solution of the ammonium salt in the form of atomized droplets is contacted with a silicate at a high temperature for a reaction to generate ammonia gas and a solid substance. The silicate can be solid particles, and forms a bed. The generated ammonia gas is collected, the solid substance is extracted, part of the same solid substance is mixed with a fresh silicate solid particle, and the mixture continuously reacts with the atomized droplets of the aqueous solution of the ammonium salt.

Apparatuses for generation of a sterilizing agent, for example chlorine dioxide, in a spray bottle, methods of forming an apparatus, and methods of use thereof are provided. The apparatus may include a tube housing a packet containing a reactant disposed within the interior of the packet. The tube prevents overexpansion of the packet in the presence of an initiating agent. The apparatus may include an openable capsule that houses a packet containing a reactant disposed within the interior of the packet. The capsule includes holes for the transmission of liquid or humid air.

The present invention relates to methods and devices for providing microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation of an environment. The methods generally comprise: generating a Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of, e.g., hydration, ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and directing the gas comprising primarily PHPG into the environment such that the PHPG acts to provide microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation in the environment, preferably both on surfaces and in the air.

The present invention relates to methods and devices for providing microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation of an environment. The methods generally comprise: generating a Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of, e.g., hydration, ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and directing the gas comprising primarily PHPG into the environment such that the PHPG acts to provide microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation in the environment, preferably both on surfaces and in the air.