An integrated catalytic process for upgrading a feed oil comprises the steps of introducing a catalyst precursor solution to a supercritical water (SCW) process unit, where the catalyst precursor solution comprises a catalyst precursor dissolved in liquid water; introducing a feed water to the SCW process unit; introducing the feed oil to the SCW process unit; treating the catalyst precursor solution, the feed water, and the feed oil in the SCW process unit to produce a SCW effluent, where the catalyst precursor is converted to catalyst particles; separating the SCW effluent in a separator unit to produce a SCW distillate product, a SCW residue product; introducing the SCW residue product to a slurry hydroprocessing unit, where the SCW residue product comprises the catalyst particles; treating the SCW residue product and the hydrogen gas in the slurry hydroprocessing unit to produce a product gas stream and an upgraded oil product.

The current invention concerns a method for producing an aqueous dispersion suitable for being used as a flame retardant additive to wood composite panels. At least one pH-regulator, at least one inorganic thickener, and optionally at least one smoke suppressing agent is added to a premix while maintaining the actuation of wet-milling systems until the dispersion is obtained.

A method for processing a chemical stream includes contacting a feed stream with a catalyst in an upstream reactor section of a reactor having the upstream reactor section and a downstream reactor section, passing an intermediate product stream to the downstream reactor section, and introducing a riser quench fluid into the downstream reactor section, upstream reactor section, or transition section and into contact with the intermediate product stream and the catalyst to slow or stop the reaction. The method includes separating at least a portion of the catalyst from the product stream, passing the product stream to a product processing section, cooling the product stream, and separating a portion of the riser quench fluid from the product stream. The riser quench fluid separated from the product stream may be recycled back to the downstream reactor section, upstream reactor section, or transition section as the riser quench fluid.

Methods and systems to decarbonize natural gas using sulfur to produce hydrogen and polymers are provided. Sulfur can be introduced in elemental form or as hydrogen sulfide, as may be desired. Decarbonization of natural gas involves introducing natural gas and H.sub.2S to a first reactor to produce first reactor products including CS.sub.2 and H.sub.2. The CS.sub.2 can subsequently be polymerized and the H.sub.2 recovered in a purified form with little or no carbon emissions.

A method for minimizing the amount of catalyst inactivating agent that is present in a liquid fraction recovered from a slurry-based polymer production process, the liquid fraction comprising diluent used in the polymer production process, is disclosed. The method includes steps for controlling the pressure over the liquid fraction collected during diluent recovery so as to minimize the concentration of catalyst inactivating agent that is retained in the recovered liquid fraction. Embodiments of apparatus suitable for conducting the disclosed method are also provided.

A system for producing a hydrocarbon by high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is described. The system includes a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit, a reaction water separation unit, and a catalyst reduction unit. The catalyst reduction unit uses a gas containing the tail gas of the synthesis unit as a reducing gas and a small amount of synthesis gas for adjusting the hydrogen to carbon ratio, to react with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. After the reduction reaction, the reacted gas is cooled to room temperature, and enters a gas-liquid separator to obtain a gas phase and a liquid phase. The gas phase flows to a cryogenic separation unit to recover gaseous hydrocarbons. The liquid phase is separated into reaction water and Fischer-Tropsch oil products. The reduced catalyst is sent to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit.

A production system includes a first reaction chamber and a second reaction chamber. The first reaction chamber is configured to receive a first hydrocarbon stream therein through an input port and to form carbon seeds and hydrogen gas therein via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the first hydrocarbon stream. The second reaction chamber includes a first input port and a second input port. The second reaction chamber is configured to receive the carbon seeds through the first input port and a second hydrocarbon stream through the second input port, and to form carbon product elements and additional hydrogen gas in the second reaction chamber via hydrocarbon pyrolysis of the second hydrocarbon stream. The carbon product elements represent the carbon seeds with additional carbon structure grown on the carbon seeds.

A catalytic reactor comprises a floating particle catcher unit and a particle catching surface which extracts particles from the fluid flow stream above the catalyst bed whereby at least a part of the particles settles on the particle catching surface instead of clogging the catalyst bed.

Systems for preparing butenes are provided. The systems can include a reactor inlet coupled to both a reactor and at least one reactant reservoir; at least one of the reactant reservoirs containing one or both of an aldehyde and/or ethanol; a catalyst within the reactor, the catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support material; and a reactor outlet operationally configured to convey a butene-rich reaction product to a product reservoir. Methods for preparing butenes are also provided. The methods can include exposing one or both of ethanol and/or an aldehyde to a catalyst comprising a metal component and an acidic support to form a butene-rich product that comprises one or both of 1-butene and/or 2-butene.

An apparatus used in a fluidized reaction process comprising a vessel; a riser housed within the vessel; and a plurality of angled guide supports, wherein each guide support comprises an tubular section having a first end and a second end; a first hinge wherein a first end of the first hinge is connected to the first end of the tubular section, a second hinge wherein a first end of the second hinge is connected to the second end of the tubular section, wherein a second end of the first hinge is connected to an inside surface of the vessel and a second end of the second hinge is connected to the riser guide is provided.