Electric-powered, closed-loop, continuous-feed, endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a shaftless auger. In another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a drag conveyor. In yet another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a distillation and/or fractionating stage. The endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods feature mechanisms for natural resource recovery, refining, and recycling, such as secondary recovery of metals, minerals, nutrients, and/or carbon char.

A process for recovery of lithium ions from a lithium-bearing brine includes contacting the lithium-bearing brine with a lithium ion sieve (where that LIS includes an oxide of titanium or niobium) in a first stirred reactor to form a lithium ion complex with the lithium ion sieve, and decomplexing the lithium ion from the lithium ion sieve in a second stirred reactor to form the lithium ion sieve and an acidic lithium salt eluate.

This disclosure provides improved processes for converting aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene/toluene, alkylation, transalkylation, or isomerization. In an embodiment, a process comprises utilizing a passivated reactor to reduce deactivation of a molecular sieve catalyst. Additional measures such as the use of an auxiliary catalyst and/or an elevated reactor pressure may be used to further reduce deactivation of the molecular sieve catalyst.

The present invention relates, in general terms, to a method of synthesising compounds and a system for synthesising compounds. The method and system can be automated. The method of synthesising a compound includes providing a solid support in fluid communication with a computer-controlled flow system, covalently bonding a first precursor to the solid support, performing at least one reaction, and cleaving the compound from the solid support.

The present invention relates, in general terms, to a method of synthesising compounds and a system for synthesising compounds. The method and system can be automated. The method of synthesising a compound includes providing a solid support in fluid communication with a computer-controlled flow system, covalently bonding a first precursor to the solid support, performing at least one reaction, and cleaving the compound from the solid support.

A distributor element comprising: at least three plates, each plate comprising openings, each of the levels between adjacent plates having walls extending from one side of one plate onto an adjacent side of an adjacent plate to define a channel, the channels fluid-tightly connecting all of the openings between adjacent plates, in each of the levels between the walls, one or more hollow spaces being formed, each of the plates comprising at least one aperture not being fluid-tightly connected with the openings of an adjacent plate by a channel, in each level between the at least one aperture of the adjacent plate at least two fluid paths extend in the one or more hollow spaces, all of the at least two fluid paths of each level having a substantially same length, and a number of fluid paths increasing at least for 75% of the plates from level to level.

Techniques regarding the polymerization of polyurethanes are provided. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can comprise synthesizing, via a polymerization reaction performed within a flow reactor, a polyurethane. The polymerization reaction can polymerize a diol with a diisocyanate.

The invention relates to an integrated process for assessing one or more properties of a catalyst. In the method, a standard chemical reactor or reactors is/are provided, and a bypass means is also provided, to transport a sample of whatever is added to the industrial reactor, to the test reactor. Both gases and liquids are transferred to the test reactor.

The invention relates to an integrated process for assessing one or more properties of a catalyst. In the method, a standard chemical reactor or reactors is/are provided, and a bypass means is also provided, to transport a sample of whatever is added to the industrial reactor, to the test reactor. Both gases and liquids are transferred to the test reactor.

Process for the production of a product gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen from ammonia comprising the steps of non-catalytic partial oxidation of ammonia with an oxygen containing gas to a process gas containing nitrogen, water, amounts of nitrogen oxides and residual amounts of ammonia; cracking of at least a part of the residual amounts of ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen in the process gas by contact with a nickel containing catalyst and simultaneously reducing the amounts of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water by reaction with a part of the hydrogen formed during cracking of the process gas by contact of the process gas with the nickel containing catalyst; and withdrawing the hydrogen and nitrogen containing product gas.