A method and apparatus for preparing a composite, in which the angle between the apparatus base and the apparatus body is adjusted by the elevator device, the solid raw material is loaded into the reactor by the solid feeding device, the main reaction gas, the auxiliary gas and the carrier gas are introduced from the front gas intake unit into the main reaction zone at a preset ratio, followed by the active material deposited on solid particles, the post-processing reaction gas is introduced from the middle gas intake unit to the post-processing reaction zone to form a functional layer on the active material, the prepared composite powder is separated and collected from the gas-solid mixture in the collection device. The exhaust gas is released from the exhaust manifold into an exhaust gas treatment system after minority powder filtered by the filter.

An apparatus of hydrocarbon fuel reactors separates and purifies carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2). Interconnected fluidized beds are applied in chemical-looping combustion. A multi-stage reduction reaction is processed with iron-based oxygen carriers. Three reduction stages using the iron-based oxygen carriers are accurately and completely controlled. Each of the three stages is separately processed in an individual space. Oxygen in the iron-based oxygen carriers can be fully released. High-purity CO.sub.2 is obtained. Hydrogen can be produced as an option. Horizontal connection of three reduction reactors is changed into vertical one. An oxidation reactor is further connected. Thus, the whole structure occupies less area and effectively uses vertical space. Not only small space is effectively used; but also high-volume capacity is obtained. Each of the reactors has better geometry flexibility. The tandem reactor in each layer has less geometric influence and limitation. Therefore, each of the reactors can be resized on its own.

An apparatus of hydrocarbon fuel reactors separates and purifies carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2). Interconnected fluidized beds are applied in chemical-looping combustion. A multi-stage reduction reaction is processed with iron-based oxygen carriers. Three reduction stages using the iron-based oxygen carriers are accurately and completely controlled. Each of the three stages is separately processed in an individual space. Oxygen in the iron-based oxygen carriers can be fully released. High-purity CO.sub.2 is obtained. Hydrogen can be produced as an option. Horizontal connection of three reduction reactors is changed into vertical one. An oxidation reactor is further connected. Thus, the whole structure occupies less area and effectively uses vertical space. Not only small space is effectively used; but also high-volume capacity is obtained. Each of the reactors has better geometry flexibility. The tandem reactor in each layer has less geometric influence and limitation. Therefore, each of the reactors can be resized on its own.

In a known method for treating pourable, inorganic grain, a heated rotary tube is used that rotates about an axis of rotation and surrounds a treatment chamber that is divided into a plurality of treatment zones by means of separating elements. The grain is supplied to the treatment chamber at a grain inlet side and is transported, in a grain transport direction, to a grain outlet side and is exposed to a treatment gas in the process. In order, proceeding herefrom, to allow for reliable and reproducible thermal treatment of pourable inorganic grain, in particular SiO.sub.2 grain in the rotary kiln, in a manner having low and effective consumption of treatment gas, it is proposed for spent treatment gas to be suctioned out of a reaction zone of the treatment chamber, by a gas manifold that rotates about the longitudinal axis thereof.

A system and method are presented for producing metallic core-shell particles. The system includes the housing having a hollow interior configured to receive and hold a molten metal input, a carrier fluid, and one or more reagents. The system also includes a shearing assembly positioned within the hollow interior of the housing. The shearing assembly is configured to, when the molten metal input, carrier fluid, and one or more reagents are held withing hollow interior and sealed within housing, shear the molten metal input into particles of an effective size so that a shell created on a surface of the particles via reaction with the one or more reagents prevents a core of the particles from solidifying when the particles are cooled to a temperature below a freezing temperature of the molten metal input.

The disclosure relates to a device for making charged nanoparticles, the device includes: an atomizer configured to atomize a solution into micro-scaled droplets; a first electrode and a second electrode substantially parallel with and spaced from each other, a power supply configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, at least one first through-hole is defined on the first electrode and at least one second through-hole is defined on the second electrode to allow the micro-scaled droplets to pass through.

The disclosure relates to a device for making charged nanoparticles, the device includes: an atomizer configured to atomize a solution into micro-scaled droplets; a first electrode and a second electrode substantially parallel with and spaced from each other, a power supply configured to apply a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, at least one first through-hole is defined on the first electrode and at least one second through-hole is defined on the second electrode to allow the micro-scaled droplets to pass through.

The disclosure relates to a method for making charged nanoparticles, the method includes: providing a solution with a first solute; atomizing the solution into micro-scaled droplets; providing a charged electrode with at least one through-hole, a negative or positive electric potential is applied to the electrode; allowing the micro-scaled droplets to pass through the at least one through-hole.

The disclosure relates to a method for making charged nanoparticles, the method includes: providing a solution with a first solute; atomizing the solution into micro-scaled droplets; providing a charged electrode with at least one through-hole, a negative or positive electric potential is applied to the electrode; allowing the micro-scaled droplets to pass through the at least one through-hole.

A metal chloride generator is provided. The metal chloride generator is a metal chloride centrifugal reactor that can be operated under conditions sufficient to cause metal particles and chlorine in the generator to be brought into contact with one another and react using centrifugal force to form metal chloride. A process for manufacturing titanium dioxide that utilizes the metal chloride generator is also provided.