The present disclosure provides a reactor and a method for the production of high purity silicon granules. The reactor includes a reactor chamber; and the reaction chamber is equipped with a solid feeding port, auxiliary gas inlet, raw material gas inlet, and exhaust gas export. The reaction chamber is also equipped with an internal gas distributor; a preheating unit; and an external exhaust gas processing unit connected between the preheating unit and a gas inlet. The reaction chamber is further equipped with a surface finishing unit, a heating unit, and a dynamics-generating unit. The reaction occurs through decomposition of silicon-containing gas in a densely stacked, high purity granular silicon layer reaction bed in relative motion, and uses the exhaust gas for heating. The present invention achieves a large-scale, efficient, energy-saving, continuous, low-cost production of high purity silicon granules.

The present disclosure provides a reactor and a method for the production of high purity silicon granules. The reactor includes a reactor chamber; and the reaction chamber is equipped with a solid feeding port, auxiliary gas inlet, raw material gas inlet, and exhaust gas export. The reaction chamber is also equipped with an internal gas distributor; a preheating unit; and an external exhaust gas processing unit connected between the preheating unit and a gas inlet. The reaction chamber is further equipped with a surface finishing unit, a heating unit, and a dynamics-generating unit. The reaction occurs through decomposition of silicon-containing gas in a densely stacked, high purity granular silicon layer reaction bed in relative motion, and uses the exhaust gas for heating. The present invention achieves a large-scale, efficient, energy-saving, continuous, low-cost production of high purity silicon granules.

Steam may be generated using an apparatus that creates shockwaves in a supersonic gaseous vortex. The apparatus includes a chamber configured to receive, pressurize, and heat fuel gas and/or oxygen containing gas. One or more inlets positioned at a first end of the chamber and arranged to emit fuel gas, oxygen containing gas, or water as one or more jet streams tangentially to an internal surface of the chamber may create a gaseous vortex rotating about a longitudinal axis within the chamber. The inlet(s) may include one or more inlet nozzles structured to accelerate the one or more fuel gas, oxygen-containing gas, or water to a supersonic velocity and adjustably control frequency of shockwaves emitted into the gaseous vortex. Water can be injected into the chamber to stabilize internal chamber temperature where it may be converted into steam. An outlet may be configured to emit product gases and/or steam from the chamber.

A fluid treatment apparatus is described. The fluid treatment apparatus includes: (i) a pulverizer designed to pulverize solids present in a fluid flow to produce pulverized solids admixed with the fluid flow; (ii) a rotatable shaft for rotating the pulverized solids and the fluid flow; (iii) a restrictor or filter for retaining a first portion of the pulverized solids, and allowing a second portion of pulverized solids and a second portion of the fluid flow to pass therethrough; and (iv) a first recirculating line configured to receive the first portion of the pulverized solids and a first portion of the fluid flow that did not pass through the restrictor or the filter.

A fluid treatment apparatus is described. The fluid treatment apparatus includes: (i) a pulverizer designed to pulverize solids present in a fluid flow to produce pulverized solids admixed with the fluid flow; (ii) a rotatable shaft for rotating the pulverized solids and the fluid flow; (iii) a restrictor or filter for retaining a first portion of the pulverized solids, and allowing a second portion of pulverized solids and a second portion of the fluid flow to pass therethrough; and (iv) a first recirculating line configured to receive the first portion of the pulverized solids and a first portion of the fluid flow that did not pass through the restrictor or the filter.

Disclosure relates to modified sulfur, preparation method thereof, preparation equipment thereof. The modified sulfur has spinnability or includes micro-structures such as fiber-, film- and network-like structure. The modified sulfur can be prepared by inducing polymerization with ultrasonic or ageing. The modified sulfur has various excellent features such as anticorrosiveness, waterproofing, strength, and fast drying and can control the features depending on its viscosity or polymerization degree. In addition due to the above features, the modified sulfur can be applied to anticorrosive or waterproofing material and can prepare anticorrosive or waterproofing material which has good workability, hardening, salt spray resistance, and weldability exceeding a certain level, and specially improved adhesiveness. Furthermore, when applying the modified sulfur to asphalt composition, gelation and depression are reduced, properties such as bending strength and tensile strength are improved, and it is possible to obtain asphalt composition with good working stability at RT.

Disclosure relates to modified sulfur, preparation method thereof, preparation equipment thereof. The modified sulfur has spinnability or includes micro-structures such as fiber-, film- and network-like structure. The modified sulfur can be prepared by inducing polymerization with ultrasonic or ageing. The modified sulfur has various excellent features such as anticorrosiveness, waterproofing, strength, and fast drying and can control the features depending on its viscosity or polymerization degree. In addition due to the above features, the modified sulfur can be applied to anticorrosive or waterproofing material and can prepare anticorrosive or waterproofing material which has good workability, hardening, salt spray resistance, and weldability exceeding a certain level, and specially improved adhesiveness. Furthermore, when applying the modified sulfur to asphalt composition, gelation and depression are reduced, properties such as bending strength and tensile strength are improved, and it is possible to obtain asphalt composition with good working stability at RT.

Disclosure relates to modified sulfur, preparation method thereof, preparation equipment thereof. The modified sulfur has spinnability or includes micro-structures such as fiber-, film- and network-like structure. The modified sulfur can be prepared by inducing polymerization with ultrasonic or ageing. The modified sulfur has various excellent features such as anticorrosiveness, waterproofing, strength, and fast drying and can control the features depending on its viscosity or polymerization degree. In addition due to the above features, the modified sulfur can be applied to anticorrosive or waterproofing material and can prepare anticorrosive or waterproofing material which has good workability, hardening, salt spray resistance, and weldability exceeding a certain level, and specially improved adhesiveness. Furthermore, when applying the modified sulfur to asphalt composition, gelation and depression are reduced, properties such as bending strength and tensile strength are improved, and it is possible to obtain asphalt composition with good working stability at RT.

Disclosure relates to modified sulfur, preparation method thereof, preparation equipment thereof. The modified sulfur has spinnability or includes micro-structures such as fiber-, film- and network-like structure. The modified sulfur can be prepared by inducing polymerization with ultrasonic or ageing. The modified sulfur has various excellent features such as anticorrosiveness, waterproofing, strength, and fast drying and can control the features depending on its viscosity or polymerization degree. In addition due to the above features, the modified sulfur can be applied to anticorrosive or waterproofing material and can prepare anticorrosive or waterproofing material which has good workability, hardening, salt spray resistance, and weldability exceeding a certain level, and specially improved adhesiveness. Furthermore, when applying the modified sulfur to asphalt composition, gelation and depression are reduced, properties such as bending strength and tensile strength are improved, and it is possible to obtain asphalt composition with good working stability at RT.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a powder bed including at least one pair of plates including a horizontally swinging perforated plate and a static perforated plate inside a packed bed or a moving bed that is aerated from below. In some embodiments, the swinging perforated plate may be configured to move horizontally relative to a horizontal plane so as to transmit a horizontal swinging motion to the powder. In some embodiments, the powder bed including the at least one pair of plates may improve uniform gas-solid contact in packed beds, moving beds, or multi-stage fluidized beds using highly cohesive, easily consolidated, or compacted powder. Further, in some embodiments, the powder bed may decrease consolidation and compaction of the powder in the powder bed.