A molecular separation method can include: passing a deasphalted oil stream through a reactor containing an active substrate, wherein the catalytic active substrate adsorbs heteroatom species from the deasphalted oil stream and produces a pretreated hydrocarbon feed stream essentially free of 4+ ring aromatic molecules (ARC 4+ species), metal species, and heteroatom species; and chromatographically separating with a simulated moving bed apparatus or a true moving bed apparatus (SMB/TMB) the pretreated hydrocarbon feed stream into a saturate fraction and an aromatics fraction.

A catalytic membrane composite that includes porous supported catalyst particles durably enmeshed in a porous fibrillated polymer membrane is provided. The porous fibrillated polymer membrane may be manipulated to take the form of a tube, disc, or diced tape and used in multiphase reaction systems. The supported catalyst particles are composed of at least one finely divided metal catalyst dispersed on a porous support substrate. High catalytic activity is gained by the effective fine dispersion of the finely divided metal catalyst such that the metal catalyst covers the support substrate and/or is interspersed in the pores of the support substrate. In some embodiments, the catalytic membrane composite may be introduced to a stirred tank autoclave reactor system, a continuous flow reactor system, or a Parr Shaker reaction system and used to effect the catalytic reaction.

The invention relates to a method of performing a chemical reaction under elevated pressure. It is suggested that the method comprises the steps of pressurizing a first vessel (3) and a second vessel (5) with reactant-containing liquid and gas to a predetermined pressure, providing reaction conditions in one of the vessels (3, 5) such that the chemical reaction is effected and a product-containing liquid is obtained, withdrawing liquid from the respective vessel (3, 5) as reaction product when a predetermined amount of reaction product has formed, preferably after the chemical reaction in the respective vessel (3, 5) has concluded, and synchronously supplying reactant-containing liquid to the respective other vessel (3, 5), wherein the first and second vessels (3, 5) are in fluid communication by way of a gas communication passage (27). The invention also relates to an apparatus and use thereof for performing said chemical reaction.

A reaction device for reacting a liquid-phase reactant and a gas-phase reactant converted into fine bubbles includes: a porous body that includes a plurality of flow paths and in which the flow paths are separated by porous walls, the porous walls include continuous pores, and the porous body includes a reaction catalyst at least on the surface thereof; a solution supply section for supplying a solution containing a gas-phase reactant and a liquid-phase reactant to the continuous pores in the porous body; and a solution discharge section for discharging solution containing a reaction product obtained when the solution flows through the continuous pores of the porous body.

A method of carrying out direct thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon compound into carbon and hydrogen comprises: introducing a gaseous feed stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon compound into a reactor; and removing at least hydrogen gas and particulate carbon formed by thermal decomposition from the reactor. The method includes providing in the reactor a layer permeable to the particulate carbon and comprising loose particles other than the particulate carbon in a gas phase and passing the gaseous feed stream through the layer. The loose particles other than the particulate carbon comprise particles comprising a catalyst on a carrier. The method includes removing at least part of the layer from the reactor, separating constituents of the removed part, the constituents including some of the particles comprising a catalyst on a carrier, and returning the separated particles comprising a catalyst on a carrier to the layer.

The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device having a specific design.

The present invention relates to a reactor R with apparatus D, the latter comprising a gas- and/or liquid-permeable tray B, in the edge region of which there is disposed a lateral boundary W which fully encloses the tray B and forms a volume V comprising catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F), wherein there is at least one braid made of precious metal and/or base metal on the upstream side opposite the tray B, and the catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) are selected from (i) shaped bodies (F1) in the form of straight prisms, the footprint of which is selected from triangle, rectangle, hexagon or fragments of these polygons, and (ii) a combination of the shaped bodies (F1) with shaped bodies (F2) that are smaller than the shaped bodies (F1), wherein groups of m to n shaped bodies (F1), m and n being an integer from 3 to 30 with n>m, are framed in a metal cassette open in the upstream direction and closed in the downstream direction by a gas-permeable tray, in a virtually seamless manner with side face to side face and with their longitudinal axis aligned in vertical direction, virtually completely covering the cross section of the tray, to form modules (M), and the modules (M), optionally with cooperation of a joint filler material, with vertical alignment of the longitudinal axis of the shaped bodies (F1), are joined to one another virtually seamlessly in a mosaic-like manner.

The present invention relates to a continuous flow hydrogenation process and process apparatus.

Disclosed herein is a constant shear continuous reactor device, comprising: an annular gas delivery tube comprising a gas inlet and a gas outlet; a first annular liquid delivery tube comprising a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet arranged concentrically around the annular gas delivery tube along a common axis, where the first liquid outlet is located at a downstream position relative to the gas outlet or is coterminous with the gas outlet; and an annular reactor wall tube comprising a final liquid inlet, a mixing zone section and a reactor outlet, where the annular reactor wall tube is arranged concentrically around the first annular liquid delivery tube along the common axis.

The present invention relates to a preparation method of trifluoroamine oxide which comprises the steps of producing an intermediate product by reacting nitrogen trifluoride and nitrous oxide in the presence of a reaction catalyst wherein the unreacted gas containing nitrogen (N.sub.2) produced in the course of the reaction is removed and instead nitrogen trifluoride and nitrous oxide are injected additionally; and producing trifluoroamine oxide by reacting the intermediate product with sodium fluoride.