The invention provides a continuous process for the preparation of ethylene glycol and 1, 2-propylene glycol from starting material comprising one or more saccharides, said process being carried out in a reactor system comprising a reactor vessel equipped with an external recycle loop and said process comprising the steps of: i) providing the starting material in a solvent, via an inlet, to the external recycle loop and contacting it therein with a retro-aldol catalyst composition to provide an intermediate stream; ii) then contacting said intermediate stream with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst composition in the reactor vessel; iii) withdrawing a product stream comprising glycols from the reactor vessel; iv) providing a portion of said product stream, via an outlet, for separation and purification of the glycols contained therein; and v) recycling the remainder of said product stream via the external recycle loop.

A reactor configuration comprises an inlet section I, a preheating section II, a transition section III, a reaction section IV and an outlet section V; except for the preheating section II and the reaction section IV, the existence of the inlet section I, the transition section III and the outlet section V depends on reaction conditions; and the process realizes no coke deposition synthesis of methane and high selectivity synthesis of ethylene. The methane conversion rate is 20-90%; ethylene selectivity is 65-95%; propylene and butylene selectivity is 5-25%; aromatic hydrocarbon selectivity is 0-30%; and coke deposition is zero.

This disclosure relates to a highly efficient and safe reactor for the continuous quenching of peroxide mixtures generated during the reaction of unsaturated compounds with ozone, which minimizes the amount of highly reactive peroxides accumulated in the reactor at any given time. The reactor may be modified to allow for expansion to accommodate the quenching parameters of a wide variety of ozonolysis reactions and flow rates. The reactor may be constructed from highly pressure rated stainless steel for maximum durability, safety, and economic practicality while increasing the safety of peroxide quenching, thus allowing tighter process control and improved product yields. This disclosure also related to methods for quenching ozonides.

A method for preparing trichlorosilane according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: supplying surface-modified metal silicide and metal grade silicon to a reaction unit; supplying silicon tetrachloride and hydrogen to the reaction unit; and supplying a product, which is generated by a reaction of metal grade silicon, silicon tetrachloride, and hydrogen in the presence of metal silicide in the reaction unit, to a separation unit, and separating a trichlorosilane component. In cases where a silicon tetrachloride hydrochlorination reaction is performed using the method for preparing trichlorosilane according to the embodiment of the present invention, the yield of trichlorosilane can be raised.

The invention provides a continuous process for the preparation of ethylene glycol and 1, 2-propylene glycol from starting material comprising one or more saccharides, said process being carried out in a reactor system comprising a reactor vessel equipped with an external recycle loop and said process comprising the steps of: i) providing the starting material in a solvent, via an inlet, to the external recycle loop and contacting it therein with a retro-aldol catalyst composition to provide an intermediate stream; ii) then contacting said intermediate stream with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst composition in the reactor vessel; iii) withdrawing a product stream comprising glycols from the reactor vessel; iv) providing a portion of said product stream, via an outlet, for separation and purification of the glycols contained therein; and v) recycling the remainder of said product stream via the external recycle loop.

The present invention relates to a reactor R with apparatus D, the latter comprising a gas- and/or liquid-permeable tray B, in the edge region of which there is disposed a lateral boundary W which fully encloses the tray B and forms a volume V comprising catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F), wherein there is at least one braid made of precious metal and/or base metal on the upstream side opposite the tray B, and the catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) are selected from (i) shaped bodies (F1) in the form of straight prisms, the footprint of which is selected from triangle, rectangle, hexagon or fragments of these polygons, and (ii) a combination of the shaped bodies (F1) with shaped bodies (F2) that are smaller than the shaped bodies (F1), wherein groups of m to n shaped bodies (F1), m and n being an integer from 3 to 30 with n>m, are framed in a metal cassette open in the upstream direction and closed in the downstream direction by a gas-permeable tray, in a virtually seamless manner with side face to side face and with their longitudinal axis aligned in vertical direction, virtually completely covering the cross section of the tray, to form modules (M), and the modules (M), optionally with cooperation of a joint filler material, with vertical alignment of the longitudinal axis of the shaped bodies (F1), are joined to one another virtually seamlessly in a mosaic-like manner such

A reaction method includes, in a gas-liquid reaction performed using a solid catalyst, alternately allowing a gaseous raw material that includes a first raw material and a liquid raw material that includes a second raw material to pass through a reaction field that holds the solid catalyst, and reacting the first and second raw materials on the solid catalyst.

Systems and methods for the production of phenol and acetone from cumene oxidation products. One method includes reacting cumene and an oxidizing agent to produce a cumene oxidation product including cumene hydroperoxide and dimethyl benzyl alcohol, converting at least a portion of the dimethyl benzyl alcohol to cumene hydroperoxide by reacting the at least a portion of the dimethyl benzyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide in both an organic phase and an aqueous to produce a converted cumene oxidation product, and cleaving the converted cumene oxidation product to produce an output product including one or more of phenol, acetone, and alpha-methylstyrene.

Methods for the photoreduction of molecules are provided, the methods comprising illuminating an amino-terminated diamond surface comprising amino groups covalently bound to the surface of diamond with light comprising a wavelength sufficient to excite an electronic transition defined by the energy band structure of the amino-terminated diamond, thereby inducing the emission of electrons from the amino-terminated diamond surface into a sample comprising molecules to be reduced, wherein the emitted electrons induce the reduction of the molecules to form a reduction product; and collecting the reduction product.

Provided is a method for producing an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, which enables one to achieve an operation stably over a long period of time while improving an effective yield, even in a high-load reaction, and in the method for producing an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, multilayer filling of stacking two or more catalyst layers each containing a complex metal oxide catalyst in the axial direction of the tube under specified conditions is performed, and the catalyst layer on the most gas outlet side in the tube axis contains a catalyst containing a compound represented by a specified formulation formula.