A method of decomposing a feedstock gas includes introducing the feedstock gas into a mixing chamber and introducing a combustion gas into a combustion chamber connected to the mixing chamber. The combustion gas is combusted so as to produce combustion product gases. A first portion of the combustion products gases flows into the mixing chamber and mixes with the feedstock gas, and a second portion of the combustion products gases initially remains in the combustion chamber. At least some of the feedstock gas is decomposed as a result of the first portion of the combustion products gases flowing into the mixing chamber and mixing with the feedstock gas. At least some of the second portion of the combustion product gases is flowed into the mixing chamber, and the at least some of the second portion of the combustion product gases is mixed with undecomposed feedstock gas, so as to decompose at least some of the undecomposed feedstock gas.

A dual utilization liquid and gaseous fuel CPOX reformer that includes reaction zones for the CPOX reforming of liquid and gaseous reformable fuels. A reforming method is also provided. The method comprises reforming a first gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen-containing gas and vaporized liquid fuel and before or after this step, reforming second gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen-containing gas and gaseous fuel to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate.

In a method for producing hydrogen cyanide by passing a feed mixture comprising ammonia and methane through reaction tubes, coated on the inner surface with a catalyst comprising platinum, at a reaction temperature of 1000 C. to 1400 C., operated for a time period of at least 100 h, the concentration difference between the ammonia concentration and the methane concentration in the product gas mixture is maintained in a range of from 1.05 % by volume to 3.0% by volume for at least 80% of the time.

An industrial production plant including at least one reactor for producing a flue gas and including a heat exchanger system having a first heat exchanger section for heat exchange between the flue gas and a fluid and a second heat exchanger section for heat exchange between the flue gas and reaction air for the reactor, which can be preheated by the second heat exchanger section. The first heat exchanger section is configured as a double-tube heat exchanger with first tubes each arranged one-way in a respective first jacket tube, and the second heat exchanger section is configured as a tube bundle heat exchanger with a tube bundle of second tubes arranged in a second jacket tube and each arranged one-way in the jacket tube.

The present application relates to a refractory lining in a combustion chamber operating in a reducing atmosphere, said lining comprising at least one or more Zirconia (Zr)-based refractory lining members comprising one or more Zr-based parts, wherein the Zr-based parts comprises at least 90 wt. %, preferably at least 95 wt. %, of monoclinic ZrO>.sub.2 and/or partially stabilized ZrO>.sub.2 and/or fully stabilized ZrO>.sub.2, wherein the total content of tetragonal and cubic ZrO>.sub.2 amounts to at least 20 wt. %, preferably more than 35 wt. % as well as Zr based refractory lining members and methods for manufacturing said Zr based refractory lining members.

A fuel reformation system includes a fuel delivery system that supports fuel, an oxidizer delivery system that supports an oxidizer, a mixer/vaporizer system in fluid communication with the fuel delivery system and the oxidizer delivery system, and a fuel processing reactor system. The mixer/vaporizer system receives the oxidizer from the oxidizer delivery system and the fuel from the fuel delivery system to mix and vaporize the oxidizer and fuel into a first effluent. The fuel processing reactor system receives the first effluent and reacts with the first effluent to generate a second effluent in the form of hot syngas for selective injection into a high speed, air-breathing propulsion system.

According to the present invention, there is provided a polysilicon production apparatus including: a horizontal reaction tube having an inlet port through which gaseous raw materials including reactant gases and a reducing gas are supplied, an outlet port through which residual gases exit, a reaction surface with which the gaseous raw materials come into contact, and bottom openings through which molten polysilicon produced by the reactions of the gaseous raw materials is discharged; and first heating means adapted to heat the reaction surface of the horizontal reaction tube. The horizontal reaction tube includes reaction regions consisting of first reaction regions where polysilicon is deposited and second reaction regions where reaction by-products are converted to the reactant gases. The first reaction regions are connected in series with the second reaction regions. Also provided is a polysilicon production method using the polysilicon production apparatus.

Described herein is an improved conversion of nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O) present as a by-product in a chemical process to NO.sub.x which can be further converted to a useful compound or material, such as nitric acid.

A chemical reactor comprises a plasma torch reactor and a liquid metal system. The plasma torch reactor receives at least one feedstock gas and provides a plasma torch output comprising reaction products. The liquid metal system receives the plasma torch output of the plasma torch reactor and separates the reaction products received from the plasma torch reactor and to provide them as output products to the chemical reactor. A method of decomposing a hydrocarbon provided as input to a chemical reactor comprising a plasma torch reactor and a liquid torch system is also described.

A method of producing a hydrocarbon fuel from a soapstock includes supplying a pyrolysis reactor that includes a microwave absorbent bed susceptible to microwave irradiation, applying microwave energy to the pyrolysis reactor, wherein the microwave absorbent bed converts the microwave energy to thermal energy, supplying the soapstock to the microwave absorbent bed, and condensing a vapor generated by pyrolysis of the soapstock sufficient to collect the hydrocarbon fuel.