The present disclosure generally relates to a reactor, in particular to a multiphase interface reactor applicable to chemistry, chemical industry, food, medicine, cosmetics and other fields. The reactor comprises a reaction cylinder; at least one feed port opened in the reaction cylinder; a stirring device, at least a part of the stirring device being located inside the reaction cylinder; at least one cylinder including a first cylinder and a second cylinder, wherein, the reaction cylinder, the first cylinder, and the second cylinder communicate with each other; an annular space is formed between the reaction cylinder and the second cylinder, so that at least part of a reaction product is allowed to enter the annular space from the reaction cylinder, and enter the first cylinder from the annular space; and at least one discharge port arranged on the first cylinder.

Disclosed herein are processes and reaction systems for controlling a temperature of an oligomerization reaction zone using a heat exchange system.

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas.

A continuous synthesis system of urea, including: a reactor, a mixing buffer tank for accommodating a first raw material, a feeding pump for pumping the first raw material to the reactor, a pressure regulating valve connected to the reactor to transfer a second raw material and regulate a pressure of the second raw material, a first heat exchanger connected to the reactor to regulate a temperature inside the reactor to a first preset temperature, and a back pressure valve connected to an end of the reactor away from the feeding pump to maintain a pressure of the continuous synthesis system at a preset pressure. The second raw material is gaseous. The second raw material is fed to the reactor through the pressure regulating valve to react with the first raw material in the reactor to generate a target product.

Methods for monitoring catalytic chemical reactions are provided. Such a method may comprise (a) exposing a solid surface to conditions to induce a chemical reaction of reactants at an interface formed between the solid surface and a liquid crystal, wherein the solid surface catalyzes the chemical reaction and the liquid crystal is characterized by an anchoring orientation that changes during the chemical reaction; and (b) measuring the anchoring orientation of the liquid crystal at one or more time points and at one or more locations on the solid surface during step (a). Systems for carrying out the methods are also provided.

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less.

The invention relates to an aerosol product exposure system comprising an exposure chamber intended to receive an aerosol product, an aerosol product diffusion device comprising a source of aerosol product to be sprayed connected to an aerosol generator, said aerosol generator cooperating with a desiccator so as to at least partially eliminate the moisture from the aerosol product, at least one supply duct intended to bring the aerosol product into the exposure chamber. Such a system can in particular be used to test the integrity of a container and/or the antimicrobial activity of a product of interest.

An apparatus for calcining a secondary battery cathode material includes: a calcination furnace including an inner space that includes a temperature rising space, a temperature maintaining space, and a cooling space, which sequentially communicate; a plurality of rollers for transferring a sagger, in which a cathode material is accommodated, from the temperature rising space to the cooling space via the temperature maintaining space; a plurality of heaters arranged along the inner space; a plurality of gas feeding parts for feeding gas to the inner space; and a plurality of exhaust parts for exhausting gas from the inner space, wherein the cross-sectional area of the temperature maintaining space is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the temperature rising space and the cross-sectional area of the cooling space.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for producing one or more of trioxygen, hydrogen and its ions, oxygen and its ions, hydrons, hydroperoxyls, and electronically modified oxygen derivatives from oxidizing agents that are exposed to photon emissions at a wavelength in a range of 0.01 nm to 845 nm, wherein wavelengths that photo-dissociate trioxygen may be excluded. The methods, systems and apparatuses enhance the effectiveness of photo-oxidation, photocatalytic, and/or photochemical combined with photocatalytic reactions.