A method of hydrating a dry powdered viscosifier such as a powdered polymer is disclosed. The method includes mixing the powdered viscosifier with a solvent such as water to form a mixture; moving the mixture through a cavitation zone; inducing energetic shock waves and pressure fluctuations in the mixture by mechanically inducing cavitation events within the mixture, the shock waves and pressure fluctuations untangling, separating, and straightening polymer molecule chains and distributing the chains throughout the mixture, and extracting the resulting hydrated viscosifier from the cavitation zone.

A method and device for producing high quality alcohol beverages, including liquor, cordial, tincture, whiskey, cognac, brandy, vodka, rum, gin, wine, cocktail, etc., is based on the action of hydrodynamic cavitation treatment of components of alcohol beverages. The fluid flow moves at a high rate through a multi-stage blending hydrodynamic device and multi-stage cavitation device to generate hydrodynamic cavitation features in the fluid flow. The cavitation features generate changes in the velocity, pressure, temperature, chemical composition and physical properties of the liquid. Hydrodynamic cavitation processing provides effective blending of components and homogenization of alcoholic beverage, improves its organoleptic qualities.

An apparatus for producing an organic or organo-mineral fertilizer includes a main tank receiving water, a reactor providing cavitation and magnetic field for activating water or for treating a biological suspension, a mixing tank containing a preliminary shredder, an injector receiving and saturating the suspension with air, a fermenter receiving the obtained mixture and creating a volumetric liquid-air flow passed therethrough and fermented by biological humus. The suspension is filtered and passed into a clearing tank. At predetermined conditions, the apparatus carries out a method encompassing a preliminary treatment of water in a looped circuit by connecting the main tank with the reactor via a pump. The activated water is supplied to the mixing tank added with preliminary shredded humus. The circuit is reconnected to further treat the suspension, finally shred its particles, supply it to the fermenter, additionally mix it with humus, filter it and thereby obtain the fertilizer.

The present invention provides a liquid treatment apparatus with ring vortex processor for treating a liquid medium and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for enhancing chemical reactions occurring in processes utilizing hydrodynamic cavitation. The liquid treatment apparatus with ring vortex processor efficiently utilizes fluid energy for cavitation bubble formation, maximizes the temperatures and pressures generated during bubble collapse, and minimizes damage caused by erosion.

A hydrodynamic cavitation unit, disc, or producer for a hydrodynamic cavitation device is provided. The hydrodynamic cavitation device is configured for fluid communication with an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit. The hydrodynamic cavitation unit, disc, or producer includes a body; and a plurality of lumens through the body. Each of the lumens is configured for fluid communication from the inlet conduit, through the body, and to the outlet conduit. A ratio of a total cross-sectional area of the lumens within the hydrodynamic cavitation disc to a cross-sectional area of the inlet conduit is greater than or equal to about 1:1 upstream of a hydrodynamic cavitation promotion zone and constricts below about 1:1 within the hydrodynamic cavitation promotion zone. A cap is located downstream of the inlet conduit and upstream of the hydrodynamic cavitation producer. Related methods of manufacturing, apparatuses, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.

An ultrasonically induced cavitation reactor is disclosed comprising a vessel having an inlet for receiving a processing liquid and an outlet for exiting the processing liquid; and a vibrating probe disposed within walls of the vessel. The processing liquid is configured to flow generally parallel to the probe. The probe is configured to produce pressure waves to induce formation of nano-sized bubbles in the processing liquid along one or more cavitation zones along a length of the probe, wherein the vessel walls are at a distance of approximately 0.5 to 5 times the diameter of a smallest diameter of the probe.

A method and apparatus of inducing chemical reactions such as hydrogenation of a fluidized substance includes mixing hydrogen with the substance, passing the mixture through a cavitation zone, and inducing intense shockwaves in the cavitation zone by continuously generating high energy cavitation events within the mixture. In one embodiment, the treatment zone is the interior of a controlled cavitation reactor. Interior surfaces of the reactor may be coated with a catalyst required for the desired chemical reaction so that the catalyst need not be added directly to the mixture and need not be recovered after the reaction is complete.

The present invention aims to provide techniques for preparing complexes of magnesium carbonate particles and a fiber. The complexes of magnesium carbonate microparticles and a fiber can be synthesized efficiently by synthesizing the magnesium carbonate in a solution containing the fiber.

A system for extracting two dimensional materials from a bulk material by functionalization of the bulk material in a reactor.

An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.