The application provides in an aspect a process for producing urea in a urea plant comprising a high pressure synthesis section comprising a reactor, wherein the process comprises reacting NH.sub.3 feed and CO.sub.2 feed under urea formation conditions in said reactor to form a urea synthesis solution comprising urea, water, carbamate and ammonia, wherein the process further comprises contacting a carbamate-containing liquid stream with an equipment part of said high pressure synthesis section that is made of a ferritic steel alloy.

The invention is directed to a chemical reactor (100) having (a) two or more gas reactor elements (12) with each gas reactor element (12) having (i) a first reaction chamber (38), and (ii) a feed assembly unit (36), (b) a second reaction chamber (20) coupled with each of the two or more gas reactor elements (12) and configured to independently receive two or more product streams from the two or more gas reactor elements (12); and optionally, (c) a gas converging section (40) located downstream to the second reaction chamber (20). The invention is further directed to a method of producing chemical products using the chemical reactor (100) of the present invention.

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities.

The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a core-shell catalyst, in which a particle in the form of a core-shell in which the metal nanoparticle is coated with platinum is manufactured by substituting copper and platinum through a method of manufacturing a metal nanoparticle by emitting a laser beam to a metal ingot, and providing a particular electric potential value, and as a result, it is possible to continuously produce nanoscale uniform core-shell catalysts in large quantities.

The invention relates to the use of a reactor, methods, and devices for the quantitative recovery of molecular hydrogen from solid, liquid, or gaseous substances which contain hydrogen and which have heteroatoms, as well as to reactors. In this case, the reactors have material containing chromium. The subject matter of the invention also includes the use of the reactor, the method, and the device for the compound-specific or component-specific measurement of the isotope ratio (δ.sup.2H) of hydrogen using online apparatuses.

The invention relates to the use of a reactor, methods, and devices for the quantitative recovery of molecular hydrogen from solid, liquid, or gaseous substances which contain hydrogen and which have heteroatoms, as well as to reactors. In this case, the reactors have material containing chromium. The subject matter of the invention also includes the use of the reactor, the method, and the device for the compound-specific or component-specific measurement of the isotope ratio (δ.sup.2H) of hydrogen using online apparatuses.

The present invention provides a reaction apparatus and a processing method thereof, wherein the reaction apparatus includes a main body structure layer and an encapsulation layer, the main body structure layer is integrated with a tube for liquid beads, and the encapsulation layer is stacked at one side of the main body structure layer; the main body structure layer and the encapsulation layer are made from the same material, a melting temperature of the main body structure layer is higher than a melting temperature of the encapsulation layer, and the main body structure layer is connected to the encapsulation layer by way of thermal bonding. The above reaction apparatus has advantages such as integration, structural stability and high strength, as well as significantly improving the stability in generating liquid beads. The present invention further relates to a preparation device of microspheres for embolization and a preparation method thereof. The device is provided by combining three major systems of a feed system, a microsphere generation module and a curing apparatus with a providing device. The device realizes automatic, standardized and controlled production, and significantly improves the production efficiency of the microspheres for embolization, while reaching a purpose of accurately controlling the size of the microspheres for embolization to achieve homogeneity of the particle size of the product, thereby being of great significance in the fields of biomedicine, medical equipment and the like.

The present invention provides a reaction apparatus and a processing method thereof, wherein the reaction apparatus includes a main body structure layer and an encapsulation layer, the main body structure layer is integrated with a tube for liquid beads, and the encapsulation layer is stacked at one side of the main body structure layer; the main body structure layer and the encapsulation layer are made from the same material, a melting temperature of the main body structure layer is higher than a melting temperature of the encapsulation layer, and the main body structure layer is connected to the encapsulation layer by way of thermal bonding. The above reaction apparatus has advantages such as integration, structural stability and high strength, as well as significantly improving the stability in generating liquid beads. The present invention further relates to a preparation device of microspheres for embolization and a preparation method thereof. The device is provided by combining three major systems of a feed system, a microsphere generation module and a curing apparatus with a providing device. The device realizes automatic, standardized and controlled production, and significantly improves the production efficiency of the microspheres for embolization, while reaching a purpose of accurately controlling the size of the microspheres for embolization to achieve homogeneity of the particle size of the product, thereby being of great significance in the fields of biomedicine, medical equipment and the like.

Pharmaceutical manufacturing processes and products are disclosed. A pharmaceutical manufacturing process includes flowing a liquid through a pathway. The liquid contacts a non-polymeric coating on a substrate within the pathway. The substrate is a metal or metallic substrate. A pharmaceutical product is produced by flowing a liquid through a pathway. The liquid contacts a non-polymeric coating on a substrate within the pathway. The substrate is a metal or metallic substrate.

Pharmaceutical manufacturing processes and products are disclosed. A pharmaceutical manufacturing process includes flowing a liquid through a pathway. The liquid contacts a non-polymeric coating on a substrate within the pathway. The substrate is a metal or metallic substrate. A pharmaceutical product is produced by flowing a liquid through a pathway. The liquid contacts a non-polymeric coating on a substrate within the pathway. The substrate is a metal or metallic substrate.