A composite catalyst containing heteroatom-doped zeolite for preparing light olefin using direct conversion of syngas formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of component I is a metal oxide, and the component II is a heteroatom-doped zeolite. The zeolite topology is CHA or AEI, and the skeleton atoms include Al—P—O or Si—Al—P—O; the heteroatoms is at least one of divalent metal Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Ba and Ce, trivalent metal Ti and Ga, and tetravalent metal Ge. A weight ratio of the active ingredient in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has high light olefin selectivity; the sum selectivity of the light olefin including ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane side product is less than 7%.

Fuel tank inerting systems are described. The systems include a fuel tank having an inerting system flow path connected to the fuel tank. A catalytic reactor is arranged along the inerting system flow path configured to receive a reactant mixture of first reactant and a second reactant to generate inert gas. A condenser heat exchanger is arranged between the catalytic reactor and the fuel tank to cool an output from the catalytic reactor. A first ejector is configured to receive the first reactant and the second reactant and output the reactant mixture through an outlet. A second ejector is configured to receive an inert gas and the second reactant to output a mixture of the second reactant and the inert gas.

Fuel tank inerting systems for aircraft are provided. The systems include a fuel tank, a catalytic reactor arranged to receive a first reactant from a first reactant source and a second reactant from a second reactant source to generate an inert gas that is supplied to the fuel tank to fill an ullage space of the fuel tank, a heat exchanger arranged between the catalytic reactor and the fuel tank and configured to at least one of cool and condense an output from the catalytic reactor to separate out the inert gas, and a controller configured to perform a light-off operation of the catalytic reactor by controlling at least one light-off parameter and, after light-off occurs, adjusting the at least one light-off parameter to an operating level, wherein the at least one light-off parameter comprises a temperature of the catalytic reactor.

Fuel tank inerting systems for aircraft are provided. The systems include a fuel tank, a catalytic reactor arranged to receive a first reactant from a first reactant source and a second reactant from a second reactant source to generate an inert gas that is supplied to the fuel tank to fill an ullage space of the fuel tank, a heat exchanger arranged between the catalytic reactor and the fuel tank and configured to at least one of cool and condense an output from the catalytic reactor to separate out the inert gas, and a controller configured to perform a light-off operation of the catalytic reactor by controlling at least one light-off parameter and, after light-off occurs, adjusting the at least one light-off parameter to an operating level, wherein the at least one light-off parameter comprises a temperature of the catalytic reactor.

An active energy radiation unit includes a light source which radiates ultraviolet rays onto a target object, and a main gas supply mechanism which is disposed to be adjacent to the light source and ejects an inert gas. The main gas supply mechanism includes a receiving part which receives nitrogen gas, a first ejection port which is provided at a position between the receiving part and the light source in a transfer direction and closer to the target object than the receiving part and a second ejection port which is provided between the receiving part and the first ejection port in the transfer direction.

An active energy radiation unit includes a light source which radiates ultraviolet rays onto a target object, and a main gas supply mechanism which is disposed to be adjacent to the light source and ejects an inert gas. The main gas supply mechanism includes a receiving part which receives nitrogen gas, a first ejection port which is provided at a position between the receiving part and the light source in a transfer direction and closer to the target object than the receiving part and a second ejection port which is provided between the receiving part and the first ejection port in the transfer direction.

A method and system for preparing epoxypropane by direct epoxidation of propylene includes the steps of subjecting a mixed gas of a first feed gas and a second feed gas to a contact reaction with a catalyst under reaction conditions of propylene epoxidation to prepare epoxypropane. The first feed gas contains oxygen gas and is free or substantially free of hydrogen gas. The second feed gas contains hydrogen gas and is free or substantially free of oxygen gas. The first feed gas and/or the second feed gas contain propylene, at least one of the first feed gas and the second feed gas further contains a diluent gas. The method can be used for reducing dosage of diluent gas, preferably recycling the tail gas, thereby significantly increasing the conversion rate of propylene without compromising the service life of catalyst.

A method and system for preparing epoxypropane by direct epoxidation of propylene includes the steps of subjecting a mixed gas of a first feed gas and a second feed gas to a contact reaction with a catalyst under reaction conditions of propylene epoxidation to prepare epoxypropane. The first feed gas contains oxygen gas and is free or substantially free of hydrogen gas. The second feed gas contains hydrogen gas and is free or substantially free of oxygen gas. The first feed gas and/or the second feed gas contain propylene, at least one of the first feed gas and the second feed gas further contains a diluent gas. The method can be used for reducing dosage of diluent gas, preferably recycling the tail gas, thereby significantly increasing the conversion rate of propylene without compromising the service life of catalyst.

methods, apparatuses, and systems for harvesting inert gas exhausted from an engine and using the harvested inert gas to prevent an ignition event and/or extinguish an ignition event. The temperature of the harvested inert gas may need to be lowered. Unwanted components may be removed from the harvested inert gas. Combustion components may be completely burned from the harvested inert gas prior to providing the harvested inert gas to a fire protection system. The fire protection system uses the harvested inert gas to extinguish an ignition event and/or to provide a purge flow to prevent an ignition event. The fire protection system may be on an aircraft. Sensors may be used to detect an ignition event. Pressure sensors may be used to monitor the pressure of the harvested inert gas as well as to monitor the purge pressure of areas receiving a continuous purge flow of harvested inert gas.

methods, apparatuses, and systems for harvesting inert gas exhausted from an engine and using the harvested inert gas to prevent an ignition event and/or extinguish an ignition event. The temperature of the harvested inert gas may need to be lowered. Unwanted components may be removed from the harvested inert gas. Combustion components may be completely burned from the harvested inert gas prior to providing the harvested inert gas to a fire protection system. The fire protection system uses the harvested inert gas to extinguish an ignition event and/or to provide a purge flow to prevent an ignition event. The fire protection system may be on an aircraft. Sensors may be used to detect an ignition event. Pressure sensors may be used to monitor the pressure of the harvested inert gas as well as to monitor the purge pressure of areas receiving a continuous purge flow of harvested inert gas.