The present invention is a method for producing electricity comprising a fuel cell which makes it possible to valorize the heat given off by the cell to generate fuel for said fuel cell by a process of thermal dissociation, applied to the product of the same chemical composition than that produced by the cell, at least part of the heat given off by the cell being supplied to at least one of the endothermic reactions of said dissociation process.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing hydrogen and graphitic carbon from a hydrocarbon gas comprising: contacting at a temperature between 600° C. and 1000° C. the catalyst with the hydrocarbon gas to catalytically convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and graphitic carbon, wherein the catalyst is a low grade iron oxide.

A circular carbon process involves: a) reacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide to produce methane and water, b) decomposing methane into carbon and hydrogen, and c) using carbon as reducing agent and/or using carbon in a carbon-containing material as reducing agent, in a chemical process to produce carbon monoxide and a reduced substance. The methane produced in a) is used in b), the carbon produced in b) is used in c), and carbon monoxide produced in c) is used in a).

The present invention provides a highly effective method of continuous reactions in a heat exchanger reactor using a flexible turbulator (2). The flexible turbulator (2) present in the tube of the reactor assembly provides efficient mixing and reaction of the reactants in the reactor. The tube and shell assembly provides better heat transfer by transfer of heat through the temperature gradient across the tube (3) wall. The shell fluid (8) can be cold or hot as required depending on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. The reactants are passed through the inlet (6) and allowed to mix and react in the tube (3), the mixing and reaction is facilitated by flexible turbulator and the final product is received through the outlet. The process can be repeated to achieve desired final product. Progress of the reaction is measured by thermal sensors present inside the reactor. The data is processed through a highly specialized computer software and output about progress of reaction is monitored.

A structured catalyst for catalyzing an endothermic reaction of a feed gas to convert it to a product gas is provided.

A system that includes one or more quartz-sleeveless reactors to purify contaminated liquid in series or parallel. Each quartz-sleeveless reactor includes a continuous and independent reactor chamber. The system includes at least one continuous-batch flow, interior chamber reactor housed in the reactor chamber. Each interior chamber reactor of the at least one interior chamber reactor includes an ultraviolet (UV) lamp to emit UV radiation and fluid transport chamber. Each interior chamber reactor passes a stream of a mixture in the fluid transport chamber and around the UV lamp. The mixture includes an advanced oxidative process (AOP) additive and contaminated liquid. Each interior chamber reactor radiates the mixture while in the chamber with the emitted UV radiation from the UV lamp, simultaneously cools the UV lamp with the mixture, and autonomously passes a radiated resultant mixture into the reactor chamber.

Systems and methods are provided for improving the operation of groups of reverse flow reactors by operating reactors in a regeneration portion of the reaction cycle to have improved flue gas management. The flue gas from reactor(s) at a later portion of the regeneration step can be selectively used for recycle back to the reactors as a diluent/heat transport fluid. The flue gas from a reactor earlier in a regeneration step can be preferentially used as the gas vented from the system to maintain the desired volume of gas within the system. This results in preferential use of higher temperature flue gas for recycle and lower temperature flue gas for venting from the system. This improved use of flue gas within a reaction system including reverse flow reactors can allow for improved reaction performance while reducing or minimizing heat losses during the regeneration portion of the reaction cycle.

An integrated reformer includes an outer chamber, a first inlet, a second inlet, and a cooling unit associated with the outer chamber. The first inlet is configured to obtain a first gas stream into a first space in the outer chamber. The second inlet is configured to obtain a second gas stream into the first space in the outer chamber. The cooling unit is configured to absorb thermal energy from the first gas stream.

Provided are a method for producing a fluoroethane, which is the desired product, with high selectivity; and a method for producing a fluoroolefin. The production method according to the present disclosure comprises obtaining a product comprising a fluoroethane represented by CX.sup.1X.sup.2FCX.sup.3X.sup.4X.sup.5 (wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, and X.sup.5 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom; and at least one of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, and X.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom) from a fluoroethylene by a reaction in the presence of at least one catalyst in at least one reactor. The reaction is performed by introducing a starting material gas comprising the fluoroethylene into the reactor, and the water content in the starting material gas is 150 ppm by mass or less based on the total mass of the starting material gas.

Disclosed are methods and systems for hydrogen isotope exchange of organic molecules that can be carried out with no alteration in the chemical structure of the organic molecules. Methods can be utilized to incorporate a particular hydrogen isotope on an organic molecule (e.g., deuteration or tritiation) or to remove a particular hydrogen isotope from an organic molecule (e.g., detritiation).