Disclosed are methods and systems for hydrogen isotope exchange of organic molecules that can be carried out with no alteration in the chemical structure of the organic molecules. Methods can be utilized to incorporate a particular hydrogen isotope on an organic molecule (e.g., deuteration or tritiation) or to remove a particular hydrogen isotope from an organic molecule (e.g., detritiation).

Methods related generally to the removal of atmospheric pollutants from the gas phase, are provided, as well as related apparatus, processes and uses thereof. A single-stage air scrubbing apparatus is provided that includes at least one reaction vessel, at least one introduction duct, and a turbulence component, wherein a residence time is sufficient to allow the conversion of at least one atmospheric pollution compound to at least one other compound, molecule or atom. In some embodiments, the at least one atmospheric pollution compound comprises nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide or a combination thereof. Additionally, methods of removing atmospheric pollution compounds from a waste gas stream are disclosed that include introducing a waste gas stream and at least one additional gas stream, mist stream, liquid stream or combination thereof into a single-stage air scrubbing apparatus at a flow rate sufficient to allow for conversion of the at least one atmospheric pollution compound.

An automated system of reactors carries out a solid-phase peptide synthesis, and more particularly a solid-phase peptide synthesizer which is automated, by means of a reactor with a liquid-recirculation loop making it possible to measure, in real time, chemical species in the reactor via measuring cells. This system includes inlet pipes, namely: pipes dedicated to the introduction of resin, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the synthesis and washing solvent, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the agent for deprotecting the amino acid introduced, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the reagents, and includes an assembly reactor and a loop for recirculation of the liquid of the reactor.

An automated system of reactors carries out a solid-phase peptide synthesis, and more particularly a solid-phase peptide synthesizer which is automated, by means of a reactor with a liquid-recirculation loop making it possible to measure, in real time, chemical species in the reactor via measuring cells. This system includes inlet pipes, namely: pipes dedicated to the introduction of resin, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the synthesis and washing solvent, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the agent for deprotecting the amino acid introduced, pipes dedicated to the introduction of the reagents, and includes an assembly reactor and a loop for recirculation of the liquid of the reactor.

Structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing an endothermic reaction of a feed gas, said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein said ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material, wherein the electrically conductive material at least partly is a composite in the form of a homogenous mixture of an electrically conductive metallic material and a ceramic material, wherein the macroscopic structure at least partly is composed of two or more materials with different resistivities.

Device and process for converting a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is notably treated using a fractionation train (4-7), a xylenes separating unit (10) and an isomerization unit (11), and in which a pyrolysis unit (13) treats a second hydrocarbon-based feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO2 and H2; a WGS water gas shift reaction section (50) suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas and for producing a WGS gas enriched in CO2 and in hydrogen; a CO2 aromatization reaction section (52) suitable for: at least partly treating the WGS gas to produce a hydrocarbon effluent comprising aromatic compounds, and feeding the feedstock with the hydrocarbon effluent.

A method can be employed to regulate and stably operate a steam reforming system that is operated by steam reforming, that has a capacity utilization level that can be regulated, and that comprises a steam reformer, a hydrogenating and desulfurizing unit that is positioned upstream of the steam reformer and is configured for feedstock desulfurization, and a firing unit of the steam reformer. According to the method, a mandated capacity utilization level for the steam reforming system is established with automated regulation of the following continuously monitored parameter ratios: a hydrogen-to-feedstock ratio in the hydrogenating and desulfurizing unit, a steam-to-carbon ratio in the steam reformer, and a fuel-to-air ratio in the firing unit of the steam reformer.

A silicon carbide flow reactor fluidic module comprises a monolithic closed-porosity silicon carbide body, a tortuous fluid passage extending through the silicon carbide body, the tortuous fluid passage having an interior surface, and one or more thermal control fluid passages also extending through the silicon carbide body, the interior surface having a surface roughness of less than 10 μm Ra. A process for forming such modules is also disclosed.

A feedstock gas, such as natural gas, is introduced into a mixing chamber. A combustible gas is introduced into a combustion chamber, for example simultaneously to the introduction of the feedstock gas. Thereafter, the combustible gas is ignited so as to cause the combustible gas to flow into the mixing chamber via one or more fluid flow paths between the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber, and to mix with the feedstock gas. The mixing of the combustible gas with the feedstock gas causes one or more products to be produced.

A feedstock gas, such as natural gas, is introduced into a mixing chamber. A combustible gas is introduced into a combustion chamber, for example simultaneously to the introduction of the feedstock gas. Thereafter, the combustible gas is ignited so as to cause the combustible gas to flow into the mixing chamber via one or more fluid flow paths between the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber, and to mix with the feedstock gas. The mixing of the combustible gas with the feedstock gas causes one or more products to be produced.