A variable 3D CD nozzle includes: a flexible body defining a flow path having an inlet extending through a narrowed throat to an expanded outlet, wherein the flexible body comprises a plurality of flexible members movably interconnected together; and at least one means for changing a shape of the flexible body to change a dimension or location of the throat plane relative to at least one of the inlet plane or outlet plane. A method of changing airflow in a nozzle includes operating at least one means for changing the shape of the flexible nozzle body to change the dimension or the location of the throat plane. A method of testing an object includes placing a test object in the test region of the test cell and passing a test gas from the outlet opening of the nozzle onto the test object.

Systems and methods for the gas-phase production of carbon nanotube (CNT)-nanoparticle (NP) hybrid materials in a flow-through pyrolytic reactor specially adapted to integrate nanoparticles (NP) into CNT material at the nanoscale level, and the second generation CNT-NP hybrid materials produced thereby.

A valve assembly having a conical valve needle axially displaceable in a bore of a valve body wherein a portion of the larger diameter of the valve needle seats downstream at an annular ring when the valve is closed. There is an open area between one end of the valve body to the annular ring even at closure and nozzles for the input of a liquid. The inner wall of the valve body comprises at least one opening for the entry of a liquid under pressure following output of a slurry or liquid from a tube or pipe. The valve assembly is particularly useful in maintaining a semi-continuous or continuous pressurized flow of biomass from an extruder.

A process for performing a continuous gas/liquid biphasic high-pressure reaction, wherein a gas and a liquid are introduced into a backmixed zone of a reactor and in the backmixed zone the gas is dispersed in the liquid by stirring, injection of gas and/or a liquid jet, a reaction mixture consecutively traverses the backmixed zone and a zone of limited backmixing, and a liquid reaction product is withdrawn at a reaction product outlet of the zone of limited backmixing, wherein the reactor comprises: an interior formed by a cylindrical vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap, wherein the interior is divided by means of internals into the backmixed zone, the zone of limited backmixing and a cavity, a first cylindrical internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and which delimits the zone of limited backmixing from the backmixed zone, backmixing-preventing second internal elements in the form of random packings, structured packings or liquid-permeable trays arranged in the zone of limited backmixing and a third internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and is open at the bottom, wherein the third internal element forms the cavity in which gas bubbles collect and do not escape upwards, thus preventing the volume of the cavity from being occupied by liquid and reducing the reaction volume. The reaction volume of the reactor used in the process can be reversibly reduced in simple fashion. The invention further relates to a process for adapting the reaction volume of a reactor suitable for performing a gas/liquid biphasic high-pressure reaction having an outlet for a liquid reaction product in which an internal element is arranged so as to form a cavity open at the bottom in which gas bubbles collect and do not escape upwards, thus preventing the volume of the cavity from being occupied by liquid and reducing the reaction volume.

A clustered reaction system includes multiple reaction devices, a cooling device and a gas supply device. Each of the reaction devices includes a reaction tank unit defining a reaction space, multiple through holes extending through the reaction tank unit, a heat exchange module including a heat exchange passage surrounding the reaction tank, and an injection module extending through one of the through hole. The cooling device is connected to the heat exchange passages of the reaction devices for supplying a coolant into the heat exchange passages. The gas supply device is communicated fluidly with one of the through holes of each of the reaction devices for supplying a gas to the reaction devices.

The invention relates to a reactor (1) for a chemical reaction, comprising a housing (10) and a reaction chamber (3), a nozzle member (30) with an inlet (32) for letting at least one reactant flow into the reaction chamber (3), wherein the nozzle member (30) is mounted in a movable manner relative to the housing (10), a sensor device (80) by means of which at least one measuring quantity can be detected during the chemical reaction, and an adjusting device (50) by means of which at least one mounting parameter influencing the movement of the nozzle member (30) can be adjusted, a control unit (70) configured for receiving from the sensor device (80) a measurement signal of the sensor device (80) based on the measuring quantity and generating a control signal for the adjusting device (50) depending on the measurement signal. The invention further relates to a method for controlling the chemical reaction.

A method of forming a liquid-liquid mixing phase channel group, which has the steps of: ejecting the first liquid as droplets into the phase of the second liquid in a two-liquid phase system in which two immiscible liquids oppose each other at an interface; incorporating the droplets of the first liquid into the phase of the first liquid, accompanied by the second liquid around the first liquid by allowing to collide the jet of the droplets with the interface; and forming a continuously connected microfluidic channel group in which the space between the layered droplets of the first liquid are filled with the second liquid in the liquid-liquid mixing phase that grows from the interface as a starting point.

A process for performing a continuous gas/liquid biphasic high-pressure reaction, wherein a gas and a liquid are introduced into a backmixed zone of a reactor and in the backmixed zone the gas is dispersed in the liquid by stirring, injection of gas and/or a liquid jet, a reaction mixture consecutively traverses the backmixed zone and a zone of limited backmixing, and a liquid reaction product is withdrawn at a reaction product outlet of the zone of limited backmixing, wherein the reactor comprises: an interior formed by a cylindrical vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap, wherein the interior is divided by means of internals into the backmixed zone, the zone of limited backmixing and a cavity, a first cylindrical internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and which delimits the zone of limited backmixing from the backmixed zone, backmixing-preventing second internal elements in the form of random packings, structured packings or liquid-permeable trays arranged in the zone of limited backmixing and a third internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and is open at the bottom, wherein the third internal element forms the cavity in which gas bubbles collect and do not escape upwards, thus preventing the volume of the cavity from being occupied by liquid and reducing the reaction volume. The reaction volume of the reactor used in the process can be reversibly reduced in simple fashion. The invention further relates to a process for adapting the reaction volume of a reactor suitable for performing a gas/liquid biphasic high-pressure reaction having an outlet for a liquid reaction product in which an internal element is arranged so as to form a cavity open at the bottom in which gas bubbles collect and do not escape upwards, thus preventing the volume of the cavity from being occupied by liquid and reducing the reaction volume.

The invention relates to a chemical synthesis method, the said method comprising “Spray Flash Evaporation”, also commonly referred to by the corresponding initialism SFE, which comprises the chemical reaction of at least one first compound with at least one second compound, under conditions in which the first compound and the second compound react to form at least one third compound.

The invention also relates to a device for implementing this method and the compounds obtained by this method.

A fluidized bed reactor includes: a reactor body; a dispersion plate mounted within the reactor body to partition the inside of the reactor body in a traverse direction and having a plurality of holes through which a reaction gas passes; a nozzle unit mounted on one surface of the dispersion plate to receive an inert gas from outside the reactor and inject the inert gas so as to crush deposits on the dispersion plate; a sensing unit configured to sense the deposits on the dispersion plate; and a control unit configured to control operation of the nozzle unit according to information sensed in the sensing unit.