A stable aluminum slurry fuel and related systems and methods of use are provided herein. Certain embodiments of the disclosure are related to an aluminum slurry fuel comprising a plurality of aluminum particles dispersed in a carrier fluid. In some embodiments, the aluminum particles comprise an activating composition comprising gallium and/or indium. Additionally, methods of making and using the aluminum slurry fuel are presented herein. For instance, the resultant aluminum slurry fuel may react exothermically with water over a wide range of temperatures to produce hydrogen. The resulting slurry fuel may be used as an energy source for various applications and/or for generating hydrogen for other applications.

A universal chemical processor (UCP) including a reactor vessel having a central longitudinal axis and main chamber comprises a first inlet port for a main feedstock, a second inlet port for a fluidizing medium and a third inlet port for one or more reactants. The UCP also includes a reactive radioactive chemical processor (R.sup.2CP) that contains a radioactive element positioned extending along the longitudinal axis in the main chamber. In operation, a fluidized bed can be supported in the main chamber when a fluidizing medium and feedstock are supplied to the main chamber through the first and second inlet ports and the radioactive element of the R.sup.2CP emits ionizing radiation that is capable of ionizing feedstock and reactants, inducing chemical reactions, and sterilizing and decomposing any organic materials within a radiation zone.

A reactor for a chemical reaction, comprising a housing and a reaction chamber, a nozzle member with an inlet for letting at least one reactant flow into the reaction chamber, wherein the nozzle member is mounted in a movable manner relative to the housing, a sensor device and an adjusting device influencing the movement of the nozzle member can be adjusted, a control unit configured for receiving from the sensor device a measurement signal of the sensor device based on the measuring quantity and generating a control signal for the adjusting device depending on the measurement signal.

A reactor for a chemical reaction, comprising a housing and a reaction chamber, a nozzle member with an inlet for letting at least one reactant flow into the reaction chamber, wherein the nozzle member is mounted in a movable manner relative to the housing, a sensor device and an adjusting device influencing the movement of the nozzle member can be adjusted, a control unit configured for receiving from the sensor device a measurement signal of the sensor device based on the measuring quantity and generating a control signal for the adjusting device depending on the measurement signal.

According to one or more embodiments, a chemical feed distributor may include a chemical feed inlet and a body. The chemical feed inlet may pass a chemical feed stream into the chemical feed distributor. The body may comprise one or more walls that may define an elongated chemical feed stream flow path and a plurality of chemical feed outlets. The plurality of chemical feed outlets may be spaced on the walls. The plurality of chemical feed outlets may be operable to pass the chemical feed stream out of the chemical feed distributor. The elongated chemical feed stream flow path may comprise an upstream fluid flow path portion and a downstream fluid flow path portion. The walls may be positioned such that the average cross-sectional area of the upstream fluid flow path portion is greater than the average cross-sectional area of the downstream fluid flow path portion.

A device for online co-production of carbon-containing precursors and high-quality oxygen-containing fuels from biomass pyrolysis gas includes a spray polymerization reactor, where a biomass pyrolysis gas inlet and a polymerization agent inlet are provided on the spray polymerization reactor, an outlet of the spray polymerization reactor is connected to an inlet of a catalytic reactor, and an outlet of the catalytic reactor is connected to an inlet of a condenser; a spray pipe is arranged at a top in the spray polymerization reactor, and a detachable collector for collecting the carbon-containing precursors is mounted at a bottom of the spray polymerization reactor; and a catalyst is arranged in the catalytic reactor, such that micromolecular pyrolysis gas is catalytically converted into the high-quality oxygen-containing fuels.

A device for online co-production of carbon-containing precursors and high-quality oxygen-containing fuels from biomass pyrolysis gas includes a spray polymerization reactor, where a biomass pyrolysis gas inlet and a polymerization agent inlet are provided on the spray polymerization reactor, an outlet of the spray polymerization reactor is connected to an inlet of a catalytic reactor, and an outlet of the catalytic reactor is connected to an inlet of a condenser; a spray pipe is arranged at a top in the spray polymerization reactor, and a detachable collector for collecting the carbon-containing precursors is mounted at a bottom of the spray polymerization reactor; and a catalyst is arranged in the catalytic reactor, such that micromolecular pyrolysis gas is catalytically converted into the high-quality oxygen-containing fuels.

Processes and systems for dehydrogenating ethylbenzene may include mixing a steam stream and an ethylbenzene stream to form a feed mixture. The ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture may then be fed to a dehydrogenation reactor containing an alkali metal promoted catalyst. A liquid, selected from an alkali metal liquid, an alkali metal compound liquid, or a liquid solution comprising an alkali metal, may be injected into a feed stream, such as the steam stream, the ethylbenzene stream, or the ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture. Following injection, the liquid vaporizes and disperses into the feed stream upstream of the dehydrogenation reactor. The liquid may be maintained as a liquid from a point upstream of injection to an injection nozzle. The liquid is dispersed through the injection nozzle, in liquid form, to form droplets of liquid dispersed in the feed stream, which evaporate and/or dissolve into the vaporous feed stream.

Processes and systems for dehydrogenating ethylbenzene may include mixing a steam stream and an ethylbenzene stream to form a feed mixture. The ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture may then be fed to a dehydrogenation reactor containing an alkali metal promoted catalyst. A liquid, selected from an alkali metal liquid, an alkali metal compound liquid, or a liquid solution comprising an alkali metal, may be injected into a feed stream, such as the steam stream, the ethylbenzene stream, or the ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture. Following injection, the liquid vaporizes and disperses into the feed stream upstream of the dehydrogenation reactor. The liquid may be maintained as a liquid from a point upstream of injection to an injection nozzle. The liquid is dispersed through the injection nozzle, in liquid form, to form droplets of liquid dispersed in the feed stream, which evaporate and/or dissolve into the vaporous feed stream.

A solar-driven methanol reforming system for hydrogen production includes a water storage tank, high-temperature solar collector tubes, a thermocouple, valves, preheaters, an evaporator, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a mixed solution (methanol and water) storage tank, a gas separator, a pump, a carbon dioxide storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank, and pipes; the present invention utilizes solar energy to provide heat required for hydrogen production by methanol reforming, and stores some heat in a phase change material to supply heat for the methanol reforming reaction when sunlight is weak; the system does not need additional energy supply, thus saving energy consumption from traditional electric heating or fuel heating.