The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer, and more particularly, to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer including: a reactor including a gaseous area having a first gaseous reactant inlet provided at a lower portion thereof, and a reaction area in which a reaction medium reacts with the gaseous reactant above the gaseous area; a second gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor in the gaseous area and a third gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor facing the second gaseous reactant inlet; and a first injection nozzle connected to the second gaseous reactant inlet and a second injection nozzle connected to the third gaseous reactant inlet.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer, and more particularly, to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer including: a reactor including a gaseous area having a first gaseous reactant inlet provided at a lower portion thereof, and a reaction area in which a reaction medium reacts with the gaseous reactant above the gaseous area; a second gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor in the gaseous area and a third gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor facing the second gaseous reactant inlet; and a first injection nozzle connected to the second gaseous reactant inlet and a second injection nozzle connected to the third gaseous reactant inlet.

A universal chemical processor (UCP) including a reactor vessel with a main chamber, comprises inlets for feedstock, a fluidizing medium and reactants. The UCP further includes a reactive X-ray chemical processor (RXCP) having a large area hollow cylindrical cold cathode in the main chamber, a grid positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode, and an anode positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode and grid. In operation, when activated, the cathode of the RXCP emits electrodes onto the anode, which then emits X-rays into a radiation zone within the main chamber capable of ionizing feedstock and reactants, inducing chemical reactions, and sterilizing and decomposing organic materials within the radiation zone, and wherein, a fluidized bed is supported in the main chamber when the fluidizing medium and feedstock are supplied. The RXCP and the fluidized bed portions can be operated separately or in conjunction to achieve unanticipated results.

A universal chemical processor (UCP) including a reactor vessel with a main chamber, comprises inlets for feedstock, a fluidizing medium and reactants. The UCP further includes a reactive X-ray chemical processor (RXCP) having a large area hollow cylindrical cold cathode in the main chamber, a grid positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode, and an anode positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode and grid. In operation, when activated, the cathode of the RXCP emits electrodes onto the anode, which then emits X-rays into a radiation zone within the main chamber capable of ionizing feedstock and reactants, inducing chemical reactions, and sterilizing and decomposing organic materials within the radiation zone, and wherein, a fluidized bed is supported in the main chamber when the fluidizing medium and feedstock are supplied. The RXCP and the fluidized bed portions can be operated separately or in conjunction to achieve unanticipated results.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a gliding-arc type plasma reactor for use in nitrogen-based fertilizer production. The plasma reactor may include a pair of electrodes oriented in a plane within an enclosure. A pair of sheaths may attach to a corresponding electrode, with each included a strike point surface oriented to face the other sheath. The electrodes may further include an inner channel through which a cooling fluid may be pumped for heat control. A gas injection system may also be included to inject a gas into the chamber for interacting with the plasma arc and may or may not include an adjustable nozzle. The nozzle may direct air flow, including the gas, at a location at which the plasma arc may occur. The device provides for a long lifetime of components within the device and easy replacement and maintenance of the components of high-wear items.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a gliding-arc type plasma reactor for use in nitrogen-based fertilizer production. The plasma reactor may include a pair of electrodes oriented in a plane within an enclosure. A pair of sheaths may attach to a corresponding electrode, with each included a strike point surface oriented to face the other sheath. The electrodes may further include an inner channel through which a cooling fluid may be pumped for heat control. A gas injection system may also be included to inject a gas into the chamber for interacting with the plasma arc and may or may not include an adjustable nozzle. The nozzle may direct air flow, including the gas, at a location at which the plasma arc may occur. The device provides for a long lifetime of components within the device and easy replacement and maintenance of the components of high-wear items.

A universal chemical processor (UCP) including a reactor vessel with a main chamber, comprises inlets for feedstock, a fluidizing medium and reactants. The UCP further includes a reactive X-ray chemical processor (RXCP) having a large area hollow cylindrical cold cathode in the main chamber, a grid positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode, and an anode positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode and grid. In operation, when activated, the cathode of the RXCP emits electrodes onto the anode, which then emits X-rays into a radiation zone within the main chamber capable of ionizing feedstock and reactants, inducing chemical reactions, and sterilizing and decomposing organic materials within the radiation zone, and wherein, a fluidized bed is supported in the main chamber when the fluidizing medium and feedstock are supplied. The RXCP and the fluidized bed portions can be operated separately or in conjunction to achieve unanticipated results.

A universal chemical processor (UCP) including a reactor vessel with a main chamber, comprises inlets for feedstock, a fluidizing medium and reactants. The UCP further includes a reactive X-ray chemical processor (RXCP) having a large area hollow cylindrical cold cathode in the main chamber, a grid positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode, and an anode positioned concentrically with respect to the cathode and grid. In operation, when activated, the cathode of the RXCP emits electrodes onto the anode, which then emits X-rays into a radiation zone within the main chamber capable of ionizing feedstock and reactants, inducing chemical reactions, and sterilizing and decomposing organic materials within the radiation zone, and wherein, a fluidized bed is supported in the main chamber when the fluidizing medium and feedstock are supplied. The RXCP and the fluidized bed portions can be operated separately or in conjunction to achieve unanticipated results.

Methods for operating a high pressure olefin polymerization reactor include the steps of introducing an initiator stream containing ethylene and an initiator compound through an initiator nozzle into the reactor, introducing an olefin stream containing ethylene and an optional comonomer through an olefin nozzle into the reactor, and polymerizing ethylene and optionally the comonomer in the presence of the initiator stream in the reactor under high pressure polymerization conditions to produce an ethylene polymer. The amount of ethylene in the initiator stream is from 0.01 to 2 wt. % of the amount of ethylene in the olefin stream. An injection nozzle that can be used in conjunction with the high pressure reactor also is described.

Methods for operating a high pressure olefin polymerization reactor include the steps of introducing an initiator stream containing ethylene and an initiator compound through an initiator nozzle into the reactor, introducing an olefin stream containing ethylene and an optional comonomer through an olefin nozzle into the reactor, and polymerizing ethylene and optionally the comonomer in the presence of the initiator stream in the reactor under high pressure polymerization conditions to produce an ethylene polymer. The amount of ethylene in the initiator stream is from 0.01 to 2 wt. % of the amount of ethylene in the olefin stream. An injection nozzle that can be used in conjunction with the high pressure reactor also is described.