Disclosed is an apparatus and method for providing asymmetric oscillations to a container. The container may include a fluid, a particle, and/or a gas. A vibration driver attached to the container provides asymmetric oscillations. A controller connected to the vibration driver controls an amplitude, frequency, and shape of the asymmetric oscillations. An amplifier amplifies the asymmetric oscillations in response to the controller. A sensor disposed on the vibration driver provides feedback to the controller.

A method of mixing using a tubular reactor wherein process material continuously passes through the tubular reactor which is operating at predetermined reaction conditions. The tubular reactor is rotated through reciprocating arcs about the longitudinal axis of the tube as the process material passes therethrough. Static and/or dynamic mixers or agitators may be provided within the tubular reactor.

A method of mixing using a tubular reactor wherein process material continuously passes through the tubular reactor which is operating at predetermined reaction conditions. The tubular reactor is rotated through reciprocating arcs about the longitudinal axis of the tube as the process material passes therethrough. Static and/or dynamic mixers or agitators may be provided within the tubular reactor.

A hydrocarbon is produced by applying mechanical energy to a metal body containing stainless steel by solid-solid contact so that a contact pressure per unit area is 30 kPa or more, in the presence of a gas containing carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source, thereby adding hydrogen to carbon dioxide. Further, a hydrocarbon is produced by providing a reaction vessel for applying mechanical energy to a metal body by solid-solid contact in the presence of a gas containing carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source, a gas introduction unit for introducing the gas containing carbon dioxide to the reaction vessel, a hydrogen source introduction unit for introducing the hydrogen source to the reaction vessel, and a gas discharge unit for discharging a gas containing the hydrocarbon produced in the reaction vessel, and adding hydrogen to the carbon dioxide in the reaction vessel.

A hydrocarbon is produced by applying mechanical energy to a metal body containing stainless steel by solid-solid contact so that a contact pressure per unit area is 30 kPa or more, in the presence of a gas containing carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source, thereby adding hydrogen to carbon dioxide. Further, a hydrocarbon is produced by providing a reaction vessel for applying mechanical energy to a metal body by solid-solid contact in the presence of a gas containing carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source, a gas introduction unit for introducing the gas containing carbon dioxide to the reaction vessel, a hydrogen source introduction unit for introducing the hydrogen source to the reaction vessel, and a gas discharge unit for discharging a gas containing the hydrocarbon produced in the reaction vessel, and adding hydrogen to the carbon dioxide in the reaction vessel.

Reactor for production of silicon, comprising a reactor volume, distinctive in that the reactor comprises or is operatively arranged to at least one means for setting a silicon-containing reaction gas for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) into rotation inside the reactor volume. Method for production of silicon.

Reactor for production of silicon, comprising a reactor volume, distinctive in that the reactor comprises or is operatively arranged to at least one means for setting a silicon-containing reaction gas for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) into rotation inside the reactor volume. Method for production of silicon.

A method of manufacturing core-shell particles comprises: filling a buffer into a rotor, which is extended in a longitudinal direction, and is accommodated so as to be spaced apart from an inner wall side of a non-rotational hollow cylinder extended in a longitudinal direction and then discharging air to outside; rotating the rotor after terminating the filling; forming a core-shell precursor by supplying raw materials from a first storage and a second storage, which comprise a material forming a core, into an interior of the cylinder in which the rotor rotates; supplying a shell material for coating the core to the interior of the cylinder in which a core-type precursor is formed; separating a liquid comprising core-shell particles formed through the supplying into a solid and a liquid; and drying the core-shell particles obtained through the separating.

A method of manufacturing core-shell particles comprises: filling a buffer into a rotor, which is extended in a longitudinal direction, and is accommodated so as to be spaced apart from an inner wall side of a non-rotational hollow cylinder extended in a longitudinal direction and then discharging air to outside; rotating the rotor after terminating the filling; forming a core-shell precursor by supplying raw materials from a first storage and a second storage, which comprise a material forming a core, into an interior of the cylinder in which the rotor rotates; supplying a shell material for coating the core to the interior of the cylinder in which a core-type precursor is formed; separating a liquid comprising core-shell particles formed through the supplying into a solid and a liquid; and drying the core-shell particles obtained through the separating.

Many industrial processes take place often under high temperatures. One of the greatest problems is overheating of surrounding structural elements in contact with hot gases. This increases the thermal load on materials and reduces the service life of constructions. The construction of efficient cooling systems is very complex and time-consuming and presents a technical challenge. The invention addresses the problem of providing a method, which ensures separation of hot gases from construction walls while allowing high gas temperatures to be achieved in the working region. The problem is solved with a method, which is characterized in that a hot gas is kept in continuous rotation in a chamber, wherein the rotating gas forms a thermally insulating gas layer due to the effect of centrifugal force, and overheating of the chamber walls is avoided thereby. Using the invention can significantly reduce heat losses and thus energy consumption. Higher efficiencies can be achieved. According to the invention, construction materials which are more lightweight and cost-effective than conventional ones (e.g. aluminium alloys instead of heat-resistant steels) can advantageously be used. Costs for maintenance and operation can be significantly lowered by reducing heat losses.