A vertical absorption column comprising a liquid distributor comprising a feed box having a serrated weir for distribution of a liquid through upward-pointing serrations of the serrated weir into perforated trays of the liquid distributor and located directly above a structured packing, a structured packing, a plate packing comprising a plurality of horizontal plates, provided with cooling means, an inlet for the addition of oxygen to the lower part of the vertical absorption column, an inlet for the process gas comprising nitrogen oxides from an ammonia oxidation process at the lower part of the vertical absorption column, an inlet for an aqueous solution at the upper part of the vertical absorption column, at least one nitric acid outlet at the bottom of the vertical absorption column and an outlet for tail gas comprising nitrogen oxides at the top of the vertical absorption column.

A vertical absorption column comprising a liquid distributor comprising a feed box having a serrated weir for distribution of a liquid through upward-pointing serrations of the serrated weir into perforated trays of the liquid distributor and located directly above a structured packing, a structured packing, a plate packing comprising a plurality of horizontal plates, provided with cooling means, an inlet for the addition of oxygen to the lower part of the vertical absorption column, an inlet for the process gas comprising nitrogen oxides from an ammonia oxidation process at the lower part of the vertical absorption column, an inlet for an aqueous solution at the upper part of the vertical absorption column, at least one nitric acid outlet at the bottom of the vertical absorption column and an outlet for tail gas comprising nitrogen oxides at the top of the vertical absorption column.

There is provided a photocatalytic reactor arranged to receive one or more airborne contaminants. The photocatalytic reactor includes a photo-catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of one or more of the contaminants disposed on a substrate, and a light-emitting diode circuit board comprising a circuit board with one or more first light-emitting diodes mounted to a first side of the circuit board and one or more second light-emitting diodes mounted to a second side of the circuit board. The substrate is arranged to be illuminated by both the one or more first light-emitting diodes and the one or more second light-emitting diodes in order to facilitate photocatalytic degradation.

A process for the removal of residual sulfur compounds from rich liquid caustic is disclosed where a single column containing two reaction zones catalytically oxidizes mercaptans to disulfide oils. The second reaction zone utilizes a bundle of vertical hanging fibers and is maintained as a gas continuous phase comprising from about 20% to about 100% by volume vapor. This process is especially useful as part of a hydrocarbon desulfurization process flow scheme.

A process for the removal of residual sulfur compounds from rich liquid caustic is disclosed where a single column containing two reaction zones catalytically oxidizes mercaptans to disulfide oils. The second reaction zone utilizes a bundle of vertical hanging fibers and is maintained as a gas continuous phase comprising from about 20% to about 100% by volume vapor. This process is especially useful as part of a hydrocarbon desulfurization process flow scheme.

The main subject of the present invention is a process for installing a section of packing in a casing by means of a device to assist installation of a section of packing, the casing comprising at least one tubular wall extending in a longitudinal direction (L) between two longitudinal ends, and an inner face of which participates in delimiting a receptacle for the section of packing, the tubular wall participating in delimiting an input opening at one of its longitudinal ends, the casing comprising a base wall positioned at the longitudinal end opposite the input opening, the casing being positioned horizontally during the process for installing the section of packing, the process comprising a step of fitting of the device to assist installation on the casing, during which the device to assist installation is secured in the vicinity of the input opening of the casing, a step of positioning of the section of packing relative to the device to assist installation and to the input opening, and at least one step of pushing during which the section of packing is pushed into the receptacle of the casing.

The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, the elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in a high concentration, e.g. in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F.sub.2), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume (i.e., at least 15% or even 20% by volume), and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene starting from benzoic acid by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas. The elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in high concentration, and subsequent decarboxylation of the benzoic acid hypofluorite obtained by direct fluorination. The process of the invention is also directed to the manufacture of benzoic acid hypofluorite by direct fluorination of benzoic acid. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinatedbenzene, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications.

The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, the elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in a high concentration, e.g. in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F.sub.2), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume (i.e., at least 15% or even 20% by volume), and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene starting from benzoic acid by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas. The elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in high concentration, and subsequent decarboxylation of the benzoic acid hypofluorite obtained by direct fluorination. The process of the invention is also directed to the manufacture of benzoic acid hypofluorite by direct fluorination of benzoic acid. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinatedbenzene, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications.

An installation tool for installing reactor components into a reactor is disclosed. The tool comprises a housing having a first end and a second end opposite the first end; a releasable attachment assembly for securing a reactor component support to the tool, the attachment assembly being pivotably inside the housing; a gas supply hose connected to the first end of the housing; and a gas outlet at the second end of the housing in fluid communication with the gas supply hose. The gas outlet is configured to provide gas to expand a reactor component secured by the releasable attachment assembly. A control line for the releasable attachment assembly runs inside the gas supply hose.

An expandable center arrangement for a reactor is disclosed. The arrangement comprises an expansion tube; a center support inside the expansion tube and three or more spring elements. The spring elements are fastened to the center support and arc out to the expansion tube. A reactor is also disclosed.