A device is provided having a structure for conducting a first fluid, the structure having in addition an interface for conducting a second fluid. The first fluid can be brought into contact with the second fluid at the interface of the structure. A flow interrupter (120.0) for interrupting a flow of the second fluid is situated at the interface of the structure.

A structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column. Corrugated sheets of structured packing in the structured packing module are held together by fasteners that extend into the corrugated sheets from opposite sides of the structured packing module at an angle of inclination or perpendicularly with respect to the sides of the structured packing module. The fasteners may have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets.

A structured packing module for use in a mass transfer column. Corrugated sheets of structured packing in the structured packing module are held together by fasteners that extend into the corrugated sheets from opposite sides of the structured packing module at an angle of inclination or perpendicularly with respect to the sides of the structured packing module. The fasteners may have an outer surface with protrusions or indentations that resist removal of the fasteners from the structured packing sheets.

The installation means for a device for treating, in particular humidifying and/or cleaning, a net fluid, in particular a gas, by means of a working fluid, in particular a liquid, and particularly for cooling water vapor by means of spray water and/or drip water, is provided with at least one installation package (10) of several square, waved mat elements (12) being arranged in an overlying or adjoining manner Adjacent mat elements (12) are mechanically connected to each other by pin-hole-arrangements in which pins (42) protruding from the one mat element (12) and each comprising a free end are inserted in receiving openings (34) formed in the other mat element (12). The receiving openings (34) each comprise an opening edge (36) from which a flexible clamping tongue (38) protrudes into the receiving opening (34). Each receiving opening (34) comprises an area size limited by the free end of the at least one clamping tongue (38) and the region of the opening edge (36) opposite to said end, or by the free ends of several, in particular two or three clamping tongues (38), wherein the area size (40) being smaller than the cross-section of the pin (42) in the state of the pin (42) in which the pin (42) is received by the receiving opening (34), and in which the at least one clamping tongue (38) is bend with its free end to the free end of the pin and abuts against the pin (42).

The installation means for a device for treating, in particular humidifying and/or cleaning, a net fluid, in particular a gas, by means of a working fluid, in particular a liquid, and particularly for cooling water vapor by means of spray water and/or drip water, is provided with at least one installation package (10) of several square, waved mat elements (12) being arranged in an overlying or adjoining manner Adjacent mat elements (12) are mechanically connected to each other by pin-hole-arrangements in which pins (42) protruding from the one mat element (12) and each comprising a free end are inserted in receiving openings (34) formed in the other mat element (12). The receiving openings (34) each comprise an opening edge (36) from which a flexible clamping tongue (38) protrudes into the receiving opening (34). Each receiving opening (34) comprises an area size limited by the free end of the at least one clamping tongue (38) and the region of the opening edge (36) opposite to said end, or by the free ends of several, in particular two or three clamping tongues (38), wherein the area size (40) being smaller than the cross-section of the pin (42) in the state of the pin (42) in which the pin (42) is received by the receiving opening (34), and in which the at least one clamping tongue (38) is bend with its free end to the free end of the pin and abuts against the pin (42).

A method for producing plasmonic nanomaterials that are catalytically or photocatalytically active by fabricating plasmonic nanostructures on substrates using electrodeposition into a nano-template structure and forming a plurality of nanorods in an array, wherein the nanorods are made from materials chosen from the group consisting of materials that are plasmonic and/or catalytic, and materials that are catalytically activated by depositing pure elemental metals, alloys, or alternating layers of different metals or alloys, and producing catalytic plasmonic nanomaterials. Catalytic plasmonic nanomaterials made from the above method. An optical reactor device that utilizes catalytic nanomaterials for photocatalytic synthesis of methanol or ammonia. A method of photocatalytic synthesis of methanol and ammonia by using catalytic plasmonic nanomaterial to convert CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to methanol and N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to ammonia using optical power. A hybrid plasma-plasmonic reactor for the utilization of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 to produce methanol, ethylene, and acetic acid.

A contact tray for use in a mass transfer column and having a tray deck for receiving a liquid stream and a plurality of valves distributed across the tray deck through which vapor ascends for interacting with the liquid stream. Each valve has an opening in the tray deck in the form of a central segment and extensions that extend outwardly from opposite ends of the central segment. The valves each include a valve body with a valve cover positioned in covering relationship above and extending outwardly beyond the opening and legs that are attached to the valve cover at recesses located at opposite ends of the valve cover. The legs extend downwardly through the extensions in the opening and include stops in portions of the legs positioned below the tray deck to permit limited vertical movement of the legs to allow the valve body to move between open and closed positions in response to ascending vapor pressure against an undersurface of the valve cover. Deflectors are positioned at opposite sides of the legs to restrict vapor passage around the legs.

A contact tray for use in a mass transfer column and having a tray deck for receiving a liquid stream and a plurality of valves distributed across the tray deck through which vapor ascends for interacting with the liquid stream. Each valve has an opening in the tray deck in the form of a central segment and extensions that extend outwardly from opposite ends of the central segment. The valves each include a valve body with a valve cover positioned in covering relationship above and extending outwardly beyond the opening and legs that are attached to the valve cover at recesses located at opposite ends of the valve cover. The legs extend downwardly through the extensions in the opening and include stops in portions of the legs positioned below the tray deck to permit limited vertical movement of the legs to allow the valve body to move between open and closed positions in response to ascending vapor pressure against an undersurface of the valve cover. Deflectors are positioned at opposite sides of the legs to restrict vapor passage around the legs.

An aspect of the present invention provides an internal and the like. The internal is easily handled and is capable of yielding a satisfactory defoaming effect. An internal (50) is used in a fluidized bed reaction device (1), in which a first material and a second material are brought into contact with each other and reacted with each other. The internal (50) is attached to a ceiling part of the fluidized bed reaction device (1), and includes a plurality of chains (21).

A fill sheet for cooling heat transfer fluid in a cooling tower includes an air intake end, an air outlet end, a top edge and a bottom edge. The air outlet end is positioned opposite the air intake end along a lateral axis. The top edge connects the air intake end and the air outlet end and the bottom edge also connects the air intake end and the air outlet end. The bottom edge is positioned opposite the top edge along a vertical axis. A plurality of flutes extends generally parallel to the lateral axis between the air intake end and the air outlet end. An offset extends generally parallel to the vertical axis. A first flute of the plurality of flutes transitions from a first peak at a first side of the offset to a first valley at a second side of the offset.