The present invention is concerned with a reactive surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization, which is able to micronize the particle diameter of a polymer emulsion and to reduce the addition amount of the reactive surfactant composition to be used. The reactive surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization of the present invention contains a reactive anionic surfactant (component A) represented by the following formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein AO represents an alkyleneoxy group having a carbon number of 3 or more and 18 or less; EO represents an ethyleneoxy group; p represents an integer of 1 or more and 15 or less; m′ represents an integer of 0 or more; n′ represents an integer of 0 or more; M.sup.+ represents a hydrogen ion or a cation; and plural kinds of AOs may coexist.

The present invention relates to a process for producing alcohols by hydrogenation of C13 aldehydes. The process according to the invention is performed in two consecutive hydrogenation stages, wherein the first hydrogenation stage employs an activated metal catalyst based on a nickel metal foam and the second stage employs a supported catalyst containing a catalytically active component from the group consisting of nickel, copper, chromium and mixtures thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for producing alcohols by hydrogenation of C13 aldehydes. The process according to the invention is performed in two consecutive hydrogenation stages, wherein the first hydrogenation stage employs an activated metal catalyst based on a nickel metal foam and the second stage employs a supported catalyst containing a catalytically active component from the group consisting of nickel, copper, chromium and mixtures thereof.

A monolithic catalyst used for a carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction and a method for preparing the same. The catalyst comprises a carrier, a coating, and active components. The carrier is a honeycomb ceramic. The coating and the active components are separately applied to honeycomb ceramic hole walls from inside to outside. Moreover, each of the honeycomb ceramic holes is divided into an upper segment and a lower segment, and different active components are separately loaded on the two segments. The method for preparing the monolithic catalyst comprises first applying a coating to a honeycomb ceramic by means of impregnation to obtain a coating-containing carrier, and then applying active components to an upper segment and a lower segment of the coating-containing carrier successively by means of impregnation to obtain the monolithic catalyst.

A monolithic catalyst used for a carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction and a method for preparing the same. The catalyst comprises a carrier, a coating, and active components. The carrier is a honeycomb ceramic. The coating and the active components are separately applied to honeycomb ceramic hole walls from inside to outside. Moreover, each of the honeycomb ceramic holes is divided into an upper segment and a lower segment, and different active components are separately loaded on the two segments. The method for preparing the monolithic catalyst comprises first applying a coating to a honeycomb ceramic by means of impregnation to obtain a coating-containing carrier, and then applying active components to an upper segment and a lower segment of the coating-containing carrier successively by means of impregnation to obtain the monolithic catalyst.

An aftertreatment component for use in an exhaust aftertreatment system. The aftertreatment component comprises an aftertreatment substrate and a compressible material. The compressible material may be formed from a plastic thermoset, a rubberized material, or a metal foil which permits for the selective expansion of the substrate within the compressible material, while also reducing cost and manufacturing complexity. In various embodiments, the aftertreatment substrate and the compressible materials may be formed separately and coupled to each other, or they may be formed concurrently via coextrusion.

An aftertreatment component for use in an exhaust aftertreatment system. The aftertreatment component comprises an aftertreatment substrate and a compressible material. The compressible material may be formed from a plastic thermoset, a rubberized material, or a metal foil which permits for the selective expansion of the substrate within the compressible material, while also reducing cost and manufacturing complexity. In various embodiments, the aftertreatment substrate and the compressible materials may be formed separately and coupled to each other, or they may be formed concurrently via coextrusion.

The present disclosure provides a catalyst for a water gas shift reaction at middle temperature, the catalyst comprising a catalytically active component containing 40 to 80 mol % of copper (Cu), 15 to 50 mol % of zinc (Zn), and 1 to 13 mol % of aluminum (Al), relative to all metals of the catalyst, wherein an aluminum-rich layer is present in a surface layer of a particle of the catalyst. Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a preparation method of the catalyst, and a hydrogen preparation method using the same.

The present disclosure provides a catalyst for a water gas shift reaction at middle temperature, the catalyst comprising a catalytically active component containing 40 to 80 mol % of copper (Cu), 15 to 50 mol % of zinc (Zn), and 1 to 13 mol % of aluminum (Al), relative to all metals of the catalyst, wherein an aluminum-rich layer is present in a surface layer of a particle of the catalyst. Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a preparation method of the catalyst, and a hydrogen preparation method using the same.

A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 paraffins includes introducing a feed stream comprising hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas into a reaction zone of a reactor, and converting the feed stream into a product stream comprising C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 paraffins in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst includes a metal oxide catalyst component and a microporous catalyst component. The metal oxide catalyst component satisfies: an atomic ratio of Cu/Zn from 0.01 to 3.00; an atomic ratio of Cr/Zn from 0.01 to 1.50; and percentage of (Al+Cr) from greater than 0.0 at % to 50.0 at % based on a total amount of metal in the metal oxide catalyst component.