This application relates to silver-titanium oxide complex particles. In one aspect, the silver-titanium oxide complex particles include a plurality of titanium oxide nanoparticles aggregated with each other. The silver-titanium oxide complex particles may also include a silver component bonded on the surface of the titanium oxide nanoparticles, and have an energy band gap of 3.1 eV or less. According to various embodiments, the silver-titanium oxide complex particles show excellent optical characteristics.

Disclosed are catalysts comprised of platinum and gold. The catalysts are generally useful for the selective oxidation of compositions comprised of a primary alcohol group and at least one secondary alcohol group wherein at least the primary alcohol group is converted to a carboxyl group. More particularly, the catalysts are supported catalysts including particles comprising gold and particles comprising platinum, wherein the molar ratio of platinum to gold is in the range of about 100:1 to about 1:4, the platinum is essentially present as Pt(0) and the platinum-containing particles are of a size in the range of about 2 to about 50 nm. Also disclosed are methods for the oxidative chemocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates to carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. Additionally, methods are disclosed for the selective oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid or derivatives thereof using catalysts comprising platinum and gold. Further, methods are disclosed for the production of such catalysts.

Disclosed here is a supported catalyst comprising a thermally stable core, wherein the thermally stable core comprises a metal oxide support and nickel disposed in the metal oxide support, wherein the metal oxide support comprises at least one base metal oxide and at least one transition metal oxide or rare earth metal oxide mixed with or dispersed in the base metal oxide. Optionally the supported catalyst can further comprise an electrolyte removing layer coating the thermally stable core and/or an electrolyte repelling layer coating the electrolyte removing layer, wherein the electrolyte removing layer comprises at least one metal oxide, and wherein the electrolyte repelling layer comprises at least one of graphite, metal carbide and metal nitride. Also disclosed is a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the supported catalyst as a direct internal reforming catalyst.

The invention relates to a photocatalyst that is active under irradiation with UV light, visible light and sunlight, comprising a powder or a ready-to-use nanometric suspension of nitrogen-doped TiO.sub.2, wherein the brookite crystalline phase is also present and whose doping nitrogen content (% by weight) is sufficient to ensure photocatalytic activity in the visible region. The photocatalyst can be easily applied to substrates of varying nature.

This invention provides supported catalysts comprising a carrier, phosphorus, at least one Group VI metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and a polymer. In the supported catalyst, the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, the molar ratio of the Group VI metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises an amido group. Also provided are a process for preparing such supported catalysts, as well as methods for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization, using supported catalysts.

A bleach catalyst suitable for use in automatic dishwashing comprising a mixed metal oxide.

A bleach catalyst suitable for use in automatic dishwashing comprising a mixed metal oxide.

The present disclosure relates to reductant injection system and method for a selective catalytic reduction reaction whereby urea is injected directly to an exhaust line where a denitrification reaction occurs without using an additional urea decomposition reactor and, thus, conversion from urea to ammonia can occur very fast.

A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 olefins includes introducing a feed stream of hydrogen gas and a carbon-containing gas into a reaction zone of a reactor and converting the feed stream into a product stream including C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 olefins in the reaction zone in the presence of a hybrid catalyst and in a non-oxidative atmosphere. The hybrid catalyst includes a metal oxide catalyst component comprising gallium oxide and zirconia, and a microporous catalyst component having an 8 membered ring structure. The process also includes periodically introducing an oxidative atmosphere into the reaction zone.

Provided is a technique of producing isoprene from 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol or 1,3-butadiene from 1,3-butanediol by using a single catalyst. A catalyst produces a conjugated diene containing zirconium oxide and calcium oxide in order to produce isoprene by removing two water molecules from one 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol molecule or produce 1,3-butadiene by removing two water molecules from one 1,3-butanediol molecule. Furthermore, a method for producing a conjugated diene includes a step of obtaining a fluid containing a conjugated diene that is isoprene or 1,3-butadiene by bringing a fluid containing 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol or a fluid containing 1,3-butanediol into contact with the catalyst for producing a conjugated diene as a single catalyst so as to cause a dehydration reaction to proceed.